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The American Heritage^® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000.

Appendix I

Indo-European Roots

ENTRY:	sed-
DEFINITION:	To sit. Derivatives include sit, soot, séance, siege, obsess, subside, soil¹, and chair. I. Basic form sed-. 1. Suffixed form sed-yo-. a. sit, from Old English sittan, to sit; b. sitz bath, sitzmark, from Old High German sizzen, to sit. Both a and b from Germanic sitjan. 2. Suffixed form sed-lo-, seat. settle, from Old English setl, seat, from Germanic setlaz. 3. Suffixed (stative) form sed--. séance, sedentary, sederunt, sedile, sediment, sessile, session, sewer², siege; assess, assiduous, assize, dissident, insessorial, insidious, obsess, possess, preside, reside, subsidy, supersede, surcease, from Latin sedre, to sit. 4. Suffixed form sed-r-. –hedron; cathedra, cathedral, chair, ephedrine, exedra, Sanhedrin, tetrahedron, from Greek hedr,* seat, chair, face of a geometric solid. 5. Prefixed and suffixed form pi-sed-yo-, to sit upon (pi, on; see epi). piezo-; isopiestic, from Greek piezein, to press tight. 6. Basic form sed-. a. edaphic, from Greek edaphos,* ground, foundation (with Greek suffix -aphos); b. Upanishad, from Sanskrit upaniad, Upanishad, from -sad, sitting; c. tanist, from Old Irish tnaise, designated successor, from Celtic tnihessio-, “one who is waited for,” from to-ad-ni-sed-tio, from to-ad-ni-sed-, to wait for (ad-, to; see ad-). 7. Suffixed form sed-o-, sitting. eisteddfod, from Welsh eistedd,* sitting, from Celtic eks-d-sedo- (eks-, out, and d-, out, from; see eghs and de-). II.* O-grade form sod-. 1. Perhaps suffixed form sod-dhlo-. saddle, from Old English sadol, saddle, from Germanic sadulaz, seat, saddle. 2. Suffixed (causative) form sod-eyo-. a. set¹, from Old English settan, to place; b. beset, from Old English besettan, to set near; c. ersatz, from Old High German irsezzan, to replace, from sezzan, to set. a–c all from Germanic (bi-)satjan, to cause to sit, set. 3. Suffixed form sod-yo-. soil¹, from Latin solium, throne, seat. III. Zero-grade form -sd- (in compounds), assimilated to -zd-. 1. Reduplicated form si-sd- becoming si-zd-. a. subside, from Latin sdere, to sit down, settle; b. synizesis, from Greek hizein, to sit down, settle down. 2. Compound suffixed form ni-zd-o-, nest, literally “(bird's place of) sitting down” (ni-, down). a. nest, from Old English nest, from Germanic nistaz; b. niche, nick, nide, nidus; eyas, nidicolous, nidifugous, nidify, from Latin ndus.* nest. 3. Compound suffixed form kuzdho-zd- (see (s)keu-). IV.* Lengthened-grade form sd-. 1. see², from Latin sds,* seat, residence. 2. Suffixed form sd-i-, settler. cosset, possibly from Old English -sta,* -ste, inhabitant(s), from Germanic stn-, sti-. 3. Suffixed form sd-yo-. seat, from Old Norse sæti,* seat, from Germanic (ge)stjam, seat (ge-, ga-, collective prefix; see kom). 4. Suffixed form sd--. sedate¹, from Latin sdre, to settle, calm down. 5. Suffixed form sd-es-, seat. banshee, from Old Irish síd,* fairy mound. V. Lengthened o-grade form sd-. soot, from Old English st,* soot (< “that which settles”), from Germanic stam, from suffixed form sd-o-. (Pokorny sed- 884.)


The American Heritage^® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by the Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

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