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| The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000. |
Appendix I Indo-European Roots |
| ENTRY: | bheu - |
| DEFINITION: | Also bheu-. To be, exist, grow. Derivatives include be, husband, imp, physics, future, neighbor, and beam. I. Extended forms *bhwiy(o)-, *bhw  -. 1. be; forebear, from Old English b on, to be, from Germanic *biju, I am, will be. 2. fiat, from Latin fier, to become. 3. Possibly suffixed form *bhw-lyo-, seen by some as the source of Latin flius, son, but this is more likely from dh(i)-.II. Lengthened o-grade form *bh  w-. a. bondage, bound4; bustle1, husband, from Old Norse b a, to live, prepare, and bask, to make oneself ready (-sk, reflexive suffix; see s(w)e-); b. Bauhaus, from Old High German ban, to dwell; c. booth, from Middle English bothe, market stall, from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Danish bth, dwelling, stall. a–c from Germanic *bwan.III. Zero-grade form *bhu-. 1a. build, from Old English byldan, to build, from bold, dwelling, house, from Germanic *buthla-; b. boodle, from Middle Dutch b del, riches, property, from alternate Germanic form *bthla. 2. physic, physics, physio-, physique, –phyte, phyto-, phyton; apophysis, diaphysis, diphyodont, epiphysis, euphuism, hypophysis, imp, Monophysite, neophyte, periphyton, symphysis, tracheophyte, from Greek phuein, to bring forth, make grow, phutos, phuton, a plant, and phusis, growth, nature. 3. Suffixed form *bhu-t -. a. eisteddfod, from Welsh bod, to be; b. bothy, from Old Irish both, a hut. 4. Suffixed form *bhu-tu-. future, from Latin futrus, “that is to be,” future.IV. Zero-grade form *bh - (< *bhu-). 1a. bower1, from Old English br, “dwelling space,” bower, room; b. neighbor, from Old English gebr, dweller (ge-, collective prefix; see kom); c. Boer, boor, from Middle Dutch gheboer, ghebuer, peasant. a–c all from Germanic *bram, dweller, especially farmer. 2. byre, from Old English b re, stall, hut, from Germanic *brjam, dwelling. 3. bylaw, from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse br, settlement, from Germanic *bwi-. 4. Suffixed form *bh-lo-. phyle, phyletic, phylum; phylogeny, from Greek phlon, tribe, class, race, and phl, tribe, clan.V. Zero-grade reduced suffixal form *-bhw-, in Latin compounds. 1. Latin dubius, doubtful, and dubit re, to doubt, from *du-bhw-io- (see dwo-). 2. Latin probus, upright, from *pro-bhw-o-, “growing well or straightforward” (see per1). 3. Latin superbus, superior, proud, from *super-bhw-o-, “being above” (see uper).VI. Possibly Germanic *baumaz (and *bagmaz), tree (? < “growing thing”). a. beam, from Old English b am, tree, beam; b. boom2, from Middle Dutch boom, tree; c. bumpkin1, bumpkin2, from Flemish boom, tree. (Pokorny bheu- 146.) |
| The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by the Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. | |
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