The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000.
Appendix I
Indo-European Roots
ENTRY:
bheug-
DEFINITION:
To bend; with derivatives referring to bent, pliable, or curved objects. Derivatives include bagel, buxom, and bog. I. Variant form *bheugh- in Germanic *beug-.1a.bee2, from Old English bag, a ring; b.bagel, from Old High German boug, a ring. Both a and b from Germanic *baugaz.2a.bow3; akimbo, from Old English boga, a bow, arch; b. Germanic compound *elino-bugn- (see el-); c.bow1, from a source akin to Middle Low German boog, bow of a boat; d.bowline, bowsprit, from Middle Low German bch, bow of a boat. a–d all from Germanic *bugn-.3.bow2, buxom, from Old English bgan, to bend, from Germanic bgan.4.bail3, from Middle English beil, a handle, perhaps from Old English *bgel or from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Swedish *böghil, both from Germanic *baugil-.5.bight, from Old English byht, a bend, angle, from Germanic *buhtiz. II.bog, from Scottish and Irish Gaelic bog, soft, from Celtic *buggo-, “flexible.” (Pokorny 3. bheug- 152.)
ag, a ring; b. bagel, from Old High German boug, a ring. Both a and b from Germanic *baugaz. 2a. bow3; akimbo, from Old English boga, a bow, arch; b. Germanic compound *elino-bug
n- (see el-); c. bow1, from a source akin to Middle Low German boog, bow of a boat; d. bowline, bowsprit, from Middle Low German b
gan, to bend, from Germanic b
