| The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05. |
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| History, Middle East |
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| Abd al-Malik |
| Abdullah |
| Abu al-Abbas as-Saffah |
| Abu Bakr |
| Ali |
| Antara |
| Arafat, Yasir |
| Assad, Hafez al- |
| Bakr, Ahmad Hasan al- |
| Chamoun, Camille |
| Fahd ibn Abdul Aziz |
| Faisal I |
| Faisal II |
| Faisal ibn Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud |
| Hafez, Amin al- |
| Harun al-Rashid |
| Helou, Charles |
| Husayn ibn Ali |
| Hussein I |
| Hussein, Saddam |
| Husseini, Amin al- |
| Ibn Batuta |
| Ibn Saud |
| Ibrahim Pasha |
| Kassem, Abdul Karim |
| Khalid ibn Abd al-Aziz al-Saud |
| Lawrence, T. E. |
| Lawrence of Arabia |
| Malik, Charles Habib |
| Malikshah |
| Mamun, al- |
| Mansur, al-, d. 775, 2d Abbasid caliph |
| Marwan II |
| Muawiya |
| Nur ad-Din |
| Osman I |
| Philby, Harry St. John Bridger |
| Saud |
| Stanhope, Lady Hester Lucy |
| Umar |
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| | | The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright © 2002 Columbia University Press |
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