The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-07.
Ho-shen
(hô-shn) (KEY) , 1750–99, Manchu official noted for symbolizing the widespread corruption of the Ch’ing dynasty of China during its decline. As a favorite of emperor Ch’ien-lung, he rose, within two years, from bodyguard to grand councilor and minister of the imperial household. Later, while president of the boards of revenue and civil office, he amassed a great fortune through extortion. After Ch’ien Lung’s death, the new emperor Chia Ch’ing seized his wealth and ordered him to commit suicide.
n) (KEY) , 1750–99, Manchu official noted for symbolizing the widespread corruption of the Ch’ing dynasty of China during its decline. As a favorite of emperor Ch’ien-lung, he rose, within two years, from bodyguard to grand councilor and minister of the imperial household. Later, while president of the boards of revenue and civil office, he amassed a great fortune through extortion. After Ch’ien Lung’s death, the new emperor Chia Ch’ing seized his wealth and ordered him to commit suicide.
