| E. Cobham Brewer 1810–1897. Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 1898. |
| | | Councils. | | |
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Œcumenical Councils. There are twenty-one recognised, nine Eastern and twelve Western. | 1 |
THE NINE EASTERN: (1) Jerusalem; (2 and 8) Nice, 325, 787; (3, 6, 7, 9) Constantinople, 381, 553, 680, 869; (4) Ephesus, 431; (5) Chalc don, 451. | 2 |
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THE TWELVE WESTERN: (10, 11, 12, 13, 19) Lat’eran, 1123, 1139, 1179, 1215, 1517; (14, 15) Synod of Lyon, 1245, 1274; (16) Synod of Vienne, in Dauphine, 1311; (17) Constance, 1414; (18) Basil, 1431–1443; (20) Trent, 1545–1563; (21) Vatican, 1869. | 3 |
 Of these, the Church of England recognises only the first six, viz.: | 4 |
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| 325 of Nice, against the Arians. |
| 381 of Constantinople, against “heretics.” |
| 431 of Ephesus, against the Nestorians and Pelagians. |
| 451 of Chalce’don, when Athanasius was restored. |
| 553 of Constantinople, against Origen. |
680 of Constantinople, against the Menoth lites (4 syl.). | |
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