Final exam portage learning anatomy and physiology

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Anatomy

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Apr 3, 2024

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Final exam portage learning anatomy and physiology Study online at https://quizlet.com/_e34sbz 1. How many lobes does the right human long have? three lobes 2. Air (and not food) pass in which of the following areas: Nasopharynx 3. Rings of cartilage line much of the respiratory tract. In which of one of the follwoing would car- tilage not be found? alveoli 4. Label the following five items from the diagram: A- nasal cavity B- C- Soft palate/uvula D- E- Glottis F- Trachea G- H- Tongue 5. Explain what hap- pens to the soft palate during swal- lowing. Why? The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing 6. Explain at least 2 differences between Type I and Type II alveolar cells Type I form the very thin simple squamous epitheli- um of the alveoli in junction with capillaries. Make up roughly 95% of alveolar epthelial cells. Type II produce and secrete pulmonary surfactant which is needed throughout the alveolar surface to keep the alveoli open. In addition, Type II cells can di- vide to replace damaged Type I cells. make up roughly 5% of alveolar epithelial cells. 7. False (negative pressure) 1 / 9
Final exam portage learning anatomy and physiology Study online at https://quizlet.com/_e34sbz True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs 8. True/False: During exhalation the di- aphragm contracts to actively push air out of the lungs False (during inhalation) 9. True/False: During inhalation the rib cage is lowered pull the longs open False (rib cage is lifted upward during inhalation) 10. True/False: As the thoracic cavity ex- pands and lung vol- ume increases, the density of the gas- es filling the lung in- creases False (density of gases decreases) 11. True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure in- creases and air natu- rally flows out of the lungs. True (air naturally flows out of the lungs because of the pressure difference) 12. Boyle's law states that gas volume is: Inversely proportional to pressure 13. Typically respiratory epithelium contains all of the following, except which one? layers 14. Macrophages 2 / 9
Final exam portage learning anatomy and physiology Study online at https://quizlet.com/_e34sbz Which cells are most abundant within the alveoli? 15. Which one of the fol- lowing is not ture of the respiratory phys- iology? Tidal volume is the maximum amount of air able to be inhaled beyond normal inhalation 16. Which one of the fol- lowing is true of the respiratory physiolo- gy calculations? Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)= RV+ ERV 17. True/False: The gas exchange region in the lungs must be dry, thin and large falase (requires moisture) 18. True/False: the vestibule is the most external portion of the nasal cavity True 19. True/False: During exhalation, the di- aphragm rises true 20. True/False: Because of diffusion, oxygen naturally moves out of the blood and into lungs False 21. True/False: the bron- chioles are sur- rounded by capillar- ies for gas exchange 22. Matching 3 / 9
Final exam portage learning anatomy and physiology Study online at https://quizlet.com/_e34sbz The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood: Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli: Pul- monary edema This condtion results in a loss of alveoli: emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus: cystic fibrosis 23. The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pres- sure of oxygen if ni- trogen is 100 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 150 mmHg? 510 mmHG 1 aatm=760 mmHg 100 mmHg + 150 mmHg + X= 760 mmHg 760-100-150= 510 mmHg 24. Why would warming air be beneficial to gas exchange? It would expand the air to make it more available for gas exchange 25. Explain what helps to maintain constant temperature within the lungs. Why is it important for effec- tive gas exchange? Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temper- ature allows for greater gas exchange. 26. From widest to nar- rowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles 27. In gas exchange (ex- ternal respiration): Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli 28. The purpose of alve- olar macrophages is to: form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli 29. 4 / 9
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