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Biology 3040
Exam 2
Name
1
Multiple Choice (4 pts each)
1. Which of the five marks in the tree above corresponds to the most recent common ancestor of a mushroom and a fern? B
2. The ratio of the rate of nonsynonymous to synonymous mutations (
k
A
/k
s
) is less
to one if a gene is evolving ______. A k
A
/k
s
ratio greater
than one indicates that the gene is evolving _______.
a.
neutrally; under purifying selection
b.
under positive selection; neutrally
c.
neutrally; under positive selection
d.
under purifying selection; neutrally
e.
under purifying selection; under positive selection
3. You might have an MHC allele that shares a more recent common ancestor with the MHC allele of a chimp than with your roommate’s allele at that same locus. This is because MHC alleles have experienced _______________________, which tends to ____________________ coalescence times.
a.
Balancing selection; increase
b.
Balancing selection; decrease
c.
Directional selection; not affect
d.
Directional selection; increase
e.
Neutral evolution; increase
4. Referring to the tree to the right, which is an accurate statement about relationships?
a.
gorilla is more closely related to an orangutan than a human
b.
a gorilla is equally related to a human and an orangutan
c.
an orangutan is equally related to gorillas and gibbons
d.
a tarsier is more closely related to a human than it is to a lemur
e.
lemurs are the ancestors of primates
2
5. The codon TTA codes for leucine. If a new mutation occurred that replaced the “A” with a “G,”
this mutation would be _______________ and its fate would most likely be determined by ___________.
a.
nonsynonymous; genetic drift
b.
nonsynonymous; natural selection
c.
synonymous; genetic drift
d.
synonymous; natural selection
e.
synonymous; purifying selection
6. Which of the following statements accurately describes Hox genes:
a.
they code for traits such as legs or wings in the developing embryo
b.
their expression gives positional information to other genes
c.
they are transcription factors
d.
a and b are correct
e.
b and c are correct
7. The tree to the right shows the
number of replacement and
synonymous substitutions in the
gene FOXP2 for several lineages of
primates. These data support the
hypothesis that FOXP2 has
experienced __________________ in the
lineage leading to mice.
a.
stabilizing selection
b.
purifying selection
c.
drift
d.
positive selection
e.
alien intervention
8. If species A and B are more closely related to each other than either is to species C, then species A and B must
:
a.
share a more recent common ancestor
b.
be more similar physically overall
c.
share more derived homologies (synapomorphies)
d.
both a and c are correct e.
a, b, and c are all correct
3
9. Dobzhansky-Mueller incompatibilities are a mechanism for the evolution of _______________________ through negative___________________ between alleles originally favored in allopatric populations.
a.
postzygotic isolation; epistasis
b.
premating isolation; epistasis
c.
prezygotic isolation; pleiotropy
d.
prezygotic isolation; epistasis
e.
postzygotic isolation; pleiotropy
10. Two genes that are paralogs:
a.
arose from gene duplication
b.
are found in the same genome
c.
may perform the same or different functions
d.
all of the above
e.
none of the above
11. Given the tree above which of the following statements is correct? a.
An alligator is more closely related to a bird than it is to a lizard
b.
The dog evolved before the turtle
c.
A frog is the most recent ancestor of a dog
d.
All of the above
e.
None of the above
12. Drosophila mojavensis and Drosophila arizonae are closely related, and reproductive isolation between them is incomplete. They have overlapping distributions in the Sonoran desert, although there are also areas where they occur allopatrically. Which of the following conditions would be required in order to infer reinforcement?
a.
premating isolation is stronger in areas where they are allopatric than in areas where they are sympatric
b.
hybrids have lower fitness
c.
premating isolation is stronger in areas where they are sympatric than in areas where they are allopatric
d.
b and c are both required
e.
a and b are both required
4
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Blood Type
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9.
AB
8.
10
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variation represented by Figure 1.
Your answer
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Your answer
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D. The parent plant received genetic instructions from the environment.
Tt
Submit
Open notes navigator
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216
Inquiry into Life Laboratory Manual, 16th Edition ©2020 Mader
Experimental Procedure: Wing Length and Body Color in Drosophila
If your instructor has frozen flies available, cross out the numbers in Table 22.4 and use the stereomicroscope
or a hand lens to count the flies of each type given in Table 22.4. Otherwise simply use the data supplied for
you in Table 22.4.
Table 22.4 Wing Length and Body Color in Drosophila*
Phenotypes
Long
Gray
Long
Ebony
Short
Short
Phenotypic
Gray
Ebony
Ratio
Number of offspring
28
32
28
30
Class data
128
120
120
120
*Wings and body are understood in this table.
Conclusions: Wing Length and Body Color in Drosophila
• Calculate the actual phenotypic ratio based on the data and record in Table 22.4. Do the results
differ from the expected ratio per individual data?.
Per class data?
Explain your answer.
Two-Trait Genetics Problems
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Choose a key for…
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(1) usually lead to the death of the organism
(2) cannot be passed on to offspring
(3) are usually beneficial to the organism
(4) lead to more serious mutations in offspring
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Embryo (A-F)
Describe the Anatomical
Changes from Early to Late
Stages
Human
Chicken
Rabbit
Tortoise
Salamander
В
Fish
A
Guide Questions:
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4. nomenclature
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D. unique features
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H. species concept
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J. Assignment of attributes or features to a
10. taxon
taxon.
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known one.
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L. Arrangement of entities into some type of
order.
13. apomorphies
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system.
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pattern of descent.
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biodiversity.
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NEXT
Question 24/28
Using Chart 2 of the Pea Plant Punnett Squares, what
are the chances of producing an offspring having a
rough texture/shape and being green in color?
24
Use the diagrams below to answer the questions that follow.
Pea Plants
Chart 1
Punnett Square
3
Aa
A a
Aa
Aa
Chart 2
AaBb x AaBb
AB
Ab
qe
AaBb
aB
Key
AA - Green
AB AABB AABB | AaBB
Ab AABB AAbb AaBb
BB- Smooth
Aabb
aB AaBB
ab AaBb Aabb
aa - Yellow
AaBb
aaBB
aaBb
bb - Rough
aaBb
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kl197624
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8. In Labrador Retrievers, coat color is controlled by an epistatic gene. Examine the image below to
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bb
ее
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1. The evolution of plant life can be based on mutations? True or False2. The organism under Kingdom Prostista are homogenous? True or False
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Let us review what you have learned from the previous module. Answer the
activity below.
ACTIVITY 1. Match Me!
Directions: Match Column A with the correct answers in Column B by writing
the number of your answers in the Answer Grid. If all your answers are correct,
the sum when answers are added horizontally, vertically, or diagonally will give
you a magic number.
Column A
Column B
a. A process in which new species form
b. Authored the Theory of Evolution by
Natural Selection
1. Thomas Malthus
2. Hybrid sterility
3. Pre-mating isolating
mechanism
c. It occurs when a hybrid develops,
matures but fails to reproduce
d. States
population limits resources
e. Species will
different mating seasons
f. Sought pieces of evidence for the
idea of uniformitarianism
that
increasing
human
4. Jean Baptiste Lamarck
due
5. Temporal isolation
not
mate
to
6. Speciation
1
arrow_forward
What's In
Let us review what you have learned from the previous module. Answer the
activity below.
ACTIVITY 1. Match Me!
Directions: Match Column A with the correct answers in Column B by writing
the number of your answers in the Answer Grid. If all your answers are correct,
the sum when answers are added horizontally, vertically, or diagonally will give
you a magic number.
Column A
Column B
a. A process in which new species form
b. Authored the Theory of Evolution by
Natural Selection
1. Thomas Malthus
2. Hybrid sterility
c. It occurs when a hybrid develops,
matures but fails to reproduce
increasing
3. Pre-mating isolating
mechanism
d. States
that
human
4. Jean Baptiste Lamarck
population limits resources
e. Species will
different mating seasons
f. Sought pieces of evidence for the
idea of uniformitarianism
due
to
5. Temporal isolation
not
mate
6. Speciation
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A
B
2. If the distance between A and D and their last common ancestor (LCA) is 4 and the distance
between B and C and their LCA is 6.2 while the distance between the two LCAS is 5.4. Calculate
the UPGMA between A and B?.
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- CAITLEN.SALNAVE 2104.. TURN IN 2 Share File Edit View Insert Format Tools Add-oI 11 + ... 100% Normal text Arial 6 3 Morphological analogs are structures having similar functions but different origins. For example, the wing of an airplane and the wing of a bird are analogous but certainly have different origins. Name and explain the comparisons of THREE ideas that humans have borrowed from plants and animals to use in building structures and making materials. JUN 16 tv MacBook Air esc 80 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 #3 2$ 1 2 4 < Oarrow_forwardEGrade 11 Biology Paper 2 Mock X docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAlpQLSePZHYEdenSPvjha3tn_5UTTkdrG6NDH15qmfZAPVWGExVL TABLE 1: BLOOD TYPE OF 30 STUDENTS Blood Type Number of Students A 9. AB 8. 10 b. Explain how the type of variation shown in Table i differs from the type of variation represented by Figure 1. Your answer c. i) Blood transports substances within the human bodv. Name IWO substances that are transported by blood. Your answer i Blood rests are done for the group of studenrs. The amoun of haemoglobin in the blood of three students is found to be helow normal. Explain how this will affecrs the ibility of these three students to perform well in sports. hparrow_forwardDo answer both 8. Species A, B, and C are three species of closely-related insects. All three of them have fuzzy red antenna. This is best an example of: analogy genotype homology phylogeny evolution 10. Which of the following explains why humans and bananas share 40% similarity in their genomes? humans evolved from bananas humans and bananas once had a common ancestor humans engineered bananas to have human genes to help them grow better humans and bananas live in similar environments so they have similar genes humans and bananas independently evolved similar geneticsarrow_forward
- nolhlond to sonsblud mont sqrienols What's More Activity 3. Deepening The Concepts Directions: Answer the following questions. 1. How does (a) relative dating and (b) absolute/radioactive dating determine the age of fossils? 2. How does embryology provide evidence for evolution? 3. How do homologous and vestigial structures provide evidence for evolution? 4. What could be possible for some species belonging to the same family to be presently living in various locations on Earth? You can further support your answer with an example. Scoring Rubric 4 noints intsarrow_forwardA 0 © 12% 6:46 AM app.ne 4. The picture shows a strawberry plant and its two offspring growing in a garden. Which best describes why the offspring and parent plant look similar? A. The parent plant received genetic instructions from the offspring. B. The offspring received genetic instructions from the parent plant. C. The offspring received genetic instructions from the environment. D. The parent plant received genetic instructions from the environment. Tt Submit Open notes navigatorarrow_forward216 Inquiry into Life Laboratory Manual, 16th Edition ©2020 Mader Experimental Procedure: Wing Length and Body Color in Drosophila If your instructor has frozen flies available, cross out the numbers in Table 22.4 and use the stereomicroscope or a hand lens to count the flies of each type given in Table 22.4. Otherwise simply use the data supplied for you in Table 22.4. Table 22.4 Wing Length and Body Color in Drosophila* Phenotypes Long Gray Long Ebony Short Short Phenotypic Gray Ebony Ratio Number of offspring 28 32 28 30 Class data 128 120 120 120 *Wings and body are understood in this table. Conclusions: Wing Length and Body Color in Drosophila • Calculate the actual phenotypic ratio based on the data and record in Table 22.4. Do the results differ from the expected ratio per individual data?. Per class data? Explain your answer. Two-Trait Genetics Problems 1. In tomatoes, tall is dominant and short is recessive. Red fruit is dominant and yellow fruit is recessive. Choose a key for…arrow_forward
- ring and Manufa x G In which era of the history of ma X Q Science Quiz Flashcards | Quizlet x somebody will love you ( slo x + a f1.app.edmentum.com/assessments-delivery/ua/la/launch/44465/45262478/aHR0cHM6Ly9mMS5hcHAuZWRtZW50dWOuY29tL2xIYXJuZXItdWkvdXNIci1hc3NpZ25tZW50 nentum Learni. Duolingo - The wor.. M Gmail - Email from. A Regions Y Home - Calloway C. O Microsoft Office Ho. C Campus Portal Login b Mini Next e Pretest: Engineering and Manufacturing O Submit Test + Reader Tools 2 Type the correct answer in the box. Spell all words correctly. Which technology has made a significant impact in the healthcare sector? The technology of surgery has made surgical procedures less invasive, enabling surgeons to perform operations through small incisions. Reset Next dmentum All rishts reserved Type here to search F Dousearrow_forwardA. Identification. Determine if each pair of character states are analogous or homologous. Justify your answer. 1. paws of cat and wings of bat 2. body shape of dolphin and fish 3. potato and sweet potato (kamote) tuberarrow_forwardCircle the letter of the correct response choose the correct answer , then write one sentence to explain your answer. 7. Mutations that occur in skin or lung cells have little effect on the evolution of a species because mutations in these cells (1) usually lead to the death of the organism (2) cannot be passed on to offspring (3) are usually beneficial to the organism (4) lead to more serious mutations in offspringarrow_forward
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