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Caterina Tutino, Daniella Renda, Olivia Di Pietro Dec. 10, 2020 Mr. Nasiek Determining The Nature, Relative Strength And Molar Concentration Of Two Unknown Substances By Performing A Titration Purpose : ST: The goal of this lab is to perform a titration to neutralize two unknown samples and determine its nature and relative strength. EST: The goal of this lab is to calculate the molar concentration of the two unknown samples being titrated. Hypothesis: ST: If the two unknown solutions become neutralized through a titration then, it can determine the relative strength of the two unknown substances because in a titration, the amount of titrant dispensed into the unknown substances, in order to neutralize it, can determine its relative strength. EST: If the concentration of the titrant, the volume of the unknown substances and the average volume of the titrant is found, then it will be possible to calculate the molarity of the unknown substances because by plugging these values into the formula C 1 V 1 = C 2 V 2 it will be possible to solve for the C 2 value. Materials : - burette filled with hydrochloric acid (HCl) - 10 mL graduated cylinder - 50 mL beaker - 2 test tubes of unknown substances (D1 and D2) - retort stand - burette clamps - Universal pH Indicator - test tube rack - pipette

Procedure : 1. Use a graduated cylinder to carefully measure 5.0 mL of the first unknown sample (D1). Pour it into the 50 mL beaker. 2. Determine if the sample is an acid or a base by adding 4 drops of the titration indicator to the sample. Swirl and record the color. (red= acid ; purple = base). 3. Look at the initial volume of the substance in the burette (HCI) and record it. 4. Place the beaker under the burette (the tip of the burette should be inside the mouth of the beaker). 5. Open the valve of the burette and pour small amounts of the substance into the beaker containing the sample, while swirling. Stop as soon as the solution changes color. 6. Observe and record the final color (in the table below and take a picture) of the sample and the final volume of the substance in the burette. 7. Calculate and record the volume of the substance used from the burette. 8. Perform a second trial on the first unknown sample. 9. Calculate the average volume of the substance in the burette from both trials. 10.Perform the same procedure (steps 1-7) on the second unknown sample (D2). 11.Calculate the molarity of the two unknown samples (C 1 V 1 = C 2 V 2 ) . Data : Table 1: Volume of HCl Used To Titrate Unknown Sample D1 Trial Burette volume before titration (mL) Burette volume after titration (mL) Volume of HCl used (mL) 1 33.6 38.0 4.4 2 38.0 42.3 4.3 Average 4.4

Table 2: Volume of HCl Used To Titrate Unknown Sample D2 Trial Burette volume before titration (mL) Burette volume after titration (mL) Volume of HCl used (mL) 1 42.3 44.8 2.5 2 44.8 47.2 2.4 Average 2.5 D2 Volumed used and Average of Volume used a) Volume of HCl used (trial 1) = 2.5 mL b) Volume of HCI used (trial 2) = 2.4 mL c) Average Volume of HCl used: 2.5 mL Calculations : Sample Calculation for Trial 1 (D1): a) Burette volume after titration - Burette volume before titration = Volume of HCl used 38.0 mL - 33.6 mL = 4.4 mL Volume of HCl used = 4.4 mL b) Average of HCl used for both trials: (Volume of HCl used for trial 1 + Volume of HCl used for trial 2) ÷ 2= Average Volume of HCl used (4.4 mL + 4.3 mL) ÷ 2 = 4.35 mL = 4.4 mL Average of HCl used: 4.4 mL

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