Chemical Composition Lab Procedure

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Chemistry

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Apr 3, 2024

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Chemical Composition Lab Procedure Student Learning Outcomes: 1. Understand the role in dehydration and hydrolysis reactions play in biomolecule metabolism. 2. Know the 4 biomolecules and their basic functions. Know the names of the polymers and monomers of each. 3. Know the difference between a positive and negative control. 4. Understand how to test for proteins, carbohydrates (polysaccharides and monosaccharides) and lipids. Know the outcomes and test reagents for these experiments. 5. Give specific examples of the 4 biomolecules. 6. Practice basic lab safety. 7. Correctly use lab equipment. Caution : This lab uses dangerous chemicals that can irritate skin, damage eyes, and possibly carcinogenic. Take all precautions to protect your hands, feet and eyes. Upon Entering the Lab: 1. Put on goggles, tie hair back. 2. Find 500 mL beaker in the cabinet. 3. Add about 200 mL of tap water to the 500 mL beaker. 4. Begin heating the 500 mL beaker of water. Turn to medium heat (4-5). 5. Retrieve a test tube rack and 7 test tubes. 6. Clean the test tubes with soap and water. 7. Rinse test tubes with DI water from squirt bottle. 8. Hang upside down to dry. 9. Wait for further instruction. Review the procedures while waiting. Procedure 1: Protein / Biuret Reagent Use caution during this procedure. Biuret’s reagent is caustic to skin. Notify the instructor if the reagent spills on to your skin. Keep this reagent away from the hotplate to prevent vaporization. 1. Clean 8 test tubes. 2. Label test tubes 1-8 with tape. 3. Add 1 mL of each fluid below in the numbered test tube. 1. Distilled water – negative control 2. Albumin– positive control 3. Milk 4. Starch 5. Onion Juice 6. Glucose Solution 7. Sucrose Solution 8. Mystery 4. Add 5 drops of Biuret Reagent. Swirl. Record color and concentration. What are you looking for? Biuret reagent is blue. Copper is component of the reagent. In the presence of a peptide bond, copper will bind to the peptide bond causing the solution to change color from blue to purple. When the solution + Biuret reagent changes to a deeper the purple, this means there is a higher concentration of protein in the solution.

Procedure 2: Carbohydrate - Polysaccharide / Iodine 1. Clean 8 test tubes. 2. Replace any labels that fell off during cleaning. 3. Add 1 mL of each fluid below in the numbered test tube. 1.Distilled Water – negative control 2.Starch Suspension – positive control 3.Milk 4.Onion Juice 5.Potato Juice 6.Glucose Solution 7.Sucrose Solution 8. Mystery 4. Add 5 drops of iodine to each solution. Swirl and record color. What are you looking for? Pure iodine is yellow-brown. In a starch solution, iodine will turn purple to black. Procedure 3: Carbohydrate – Monosaccharide / Benedict’s Reagent Use caution during this procedure. Benedict’s reagent causes skin irritation and serious eye irritation. If this does get into your eyes, go to the eye washing station immediately to rinse your eyes for 15 minutes. Same treatment for skin exposure. 1. Clean 8 test tubes. 2. Replace any labels that fell off during cleaning. 3. Add 1 mL of each solution below to a test tube. 1.Distilled Water – negative control 2.Starch Suspension 3.Milk 4.Onion Juice 5.Potato Juice 6.Glucose Solution – positive control 7.Sucrose Solution 8.Mystery solution 4. Then add 5 drops of Benedict’s reagent. 5. Place test tubes in boiling bath at the same time. 6. Wait 2 -3 minutes for a color change. 7. Remove test tubes with a test tube clamp. What are you looking for? Benedict’s reagent reacts to sugar differently according to concentration. Copper from the reagent will interact with the sugar molecules in a warm to hot environment. Benedict’s reagent is normally blue but various colors will result when interacting with different sugar concentrations.  Blue – No sugar present  Green – very low sugar concentration  Orange – high sugar concentration  Red – very high sugar concentration

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