Ruiz Jacqueline_FIN7570-800_Module 1 Test

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William Paterson University *

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7570

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Finance

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Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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Jacqueline Ruiz Investment Policy, Ethics, and Portfolio Management William Paterson University Professor Malindretos FIN7570-800 Module 1 Assignment A. PROBLEMS : 1. We have a stock Bottine and Despotakis (B&D) which we buy for $10. We keep it for 6 years, at which point we sell it for $25. During the six-year period, it pays us $12 which we reinvest at 5% annual return. Calculate the rate of return we make per annum. Reinvested Dividends = $ 12 x ( 1 + 0.05 ) 6 = $ 12 x 1.34 = $ 16.08 Total Value of Investment = $ 25 + $ 16.08 = $ 41.08 Compound Annual Growth Rate = ( $ 41.08 $ 10 ) 1 6 1 = 1.2655 1 = 0.2655 26.55% The annual rate of return per annum is approximately 26.55%. 2. We have the following information. We have two companies we are considering. They are Anthony and Ben and their betas are 1 and 1.4, respectively. The T bond rate is .02 and the rate of return in the market is .12. The debt rates of the two firms are .30 and .60 in order we have mentioned them. Finally, their tax rates are .25 and .40, respectively. Compute their cost of equity. If they each pay $4 and their growth rate is .01, what are their prices? Expound on the differences, and in which one you would invest and why. Anthony’s Cost of Equity = 0.02 + 1 ( 0.12 0.02 ) = 0.02 + 0.10 = 0.12 Ben’s Cost of Equity = 0.02 + 1.4 ( 0.12 0.02 ) = 0.02 + 0.14 = 0.16 Anthony’s Share Price = $ 4 0.12 0.01 = $ 4 0.11 = $ 36.36 Ben’s Share Price = $ 4 0.16 0.01 = $ 4 0.15 = $ 26.67 I would invest in Anthony’s stock. Anthony’s share price is higher than Ben’s due to its lower risk. Anthony has a lower beta, a lower cost of equity, lower debt rate and lower tax rate.
Anthony’s is comparatively a much less risky stock than Ben’s, as is reflected in the share price difference. B. ESSAYS: 1. Expound on the determinants of beta. The beta of a stock or investment security is the calculation of its volatility of returns in comparison to the entire market. The three determinants of beta are cyclicality, operating leverage, and financial leverage. Usually, the earnings of a company keep on shifting with time due to the firm cycles. The earnings can go up in the growth phase and can go down when a firm is in the contraction phase. So, the company's earnings are related to the conditions of business. Cyclicality of sales shows how sensitive the product is toward the economy. High beta often implies high cyclicality of a business which makes it riskier. Financial leverage is described as the debt portion of a company. It shows how much debt a company has taken to run the business. The more the debt, the greater is the risk of the business. Degree of operating leverage shows the fixity of a company’s assets, such as machinery and equipment. As the amount of fixed costs increase, the operating break-even point for the company also increases. This creates more risk of operating at a loss. As a result, a higher degree of operating leverage means higher beta. 2. Discuss systematic versus unsystematic risk. Give examples of each. Which one is more important and why? Systematic risk is a non-diversifiable risk or a measure of overall market risk. These factors are beyond the control of the business or investor, such as economic, political, or social factors.
Systematic risks affect the financial market as a whole and cannot be minimized or eliminated. Inflation risk is an example of systematic risk because the erosion of purchasing power due to inflation affects all investments. Unsystematic risks are unique to a specific company or investment. Microeconomic factors that affect companies are unsystematic risks, such as an unforeseen rise in oil prices. Systematic risk is considered more important from a portfolio management perspective because it affects all investments simultaneously. Investors cannot diversify away systematic risk, and it plays a crucial role in determining overall market returns. Unsystematic risk is known to be unimportant, as it is more relevant for individual investors. Through diversification, investors can minimize or eliminate unsystematic risk, which allows them to focus on earning a return associated with systematic risk factors. *5. Create an IPS for 2 of your clients. Jill is 25 years old, and she has $40,000 and her income is $55,000. Joe has $40 million, has an income of $100,000 and has an age of 45. Both have medium risk. Jill wants capital appreciation. Joe wants capital preservation. Pay particular attention to the concept of return, age, and time horizon of the two individuals. Explicate how you would invest their money and why. Jill has a long investment time horizon as she is only 25 years old. Her investment goals include saving for major life events such as homeownership, education, and retirement. Given Jill's long-time horizon and the desire for capital appreciation, a huge portion of her portfolio (around 80%) should be allocated to diversified equity investments. I would also allocate around 15% to fixed-income securities to add stability to the portfolio. The remaining 5% would be kept as cash to provide stability. I would invest in a variety of sectors and industries to avoid concentration risk. I would invest in a variety of sectors and industries to avoid concentration risk. On the other hand, Joe, being 45 years old, has a shorter time horizon than Jill. His focus is
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