NUTR 10_Calcium Worksheet_2024-04-17

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Nutrition 10 Name: Jasmine Williams Date: April 17 th , 2024 CALCIUM 1. List at least 4 functions that calcium has in the body. a. Bone Health : Calcium is a major component of bone tissue, providing strength and structure to bones and teeth. It is essential for bone mineralization, helping to maintain bone density and prevent conditions like osteoporosis. b. Muscle Function : Calcium ions are involved in muscle contraction and relaxation. When a muscle cell receives a signal to contract, calcium is released from storage sites within the cell, initiating the contraction process. Proper calcium levels are necessary for smooth muscle function, including the heart muscle. c. Nerve Transmission : Calcium ions are involved in transmitting nerve impulses throughout the nervous system. They play a crucial role in the release of neurotransmitters, which are chemicals that allow nerve cells to communicate with each other. This process is essential for various bodily functions, including sensory perception, motor control, and cognition. d. Blood Clotting : Calcium is essential for the blood clotting process, known as coagulation. When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets (a type of blood cell) release calcium ions to initiate the formation of a blood clot, which helps to stop bleeding and promote wound healing. 2. What age group has the highest DRI for calcium and what is it? a. The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for calcium varies depending on age and gender. Generally, the highest DRI for calcium is recommended for adolescents and young adults, particularly during periods of rapid growth and bone development. For females aged 14-18 years, the highest DRI for calcium is 1,300 milligrams (mg) per day. This period corresponds to the peak of bone growth and mineralization during adolescence. For males aged 14-18 years, as well as for pregnant and lactating females, the DRI for calcium is also 1,300 milligrams (mg) per day. It's important to note that these values are specific to the United States and may vary slightly depending on the country and specific dietary guidelines. Additionally, individual calcium needs can vary based on factors such as activity level, health status, and bone health. 3. What happens if a person does not get enough calcium during their growing years? a. If a person does not get enough calcium during their growing years, especially during childhood and adolescence, it can have several negative consequences for their health and development: i. Poor Bone Development : Calcium is crucial for bone mineralization and the development of strong, dense bones. Inadequate calcium intake during childhood Revised 06-07.mlz

and adolescence can impair bone growth and development, leading to decreased bone mass and increased risk of fractures later in life. ii. Increased Risk of Osteoporosis : Insufficient calcium intake during the growing years can contribute to lower peak bone mass, which is the maximum bone density attained during youth. A lower peak bone mass increases the risk of developing osteoporosis later in life, a condition characterized by fragile bones and increased susceptibility to fractures. iii. Delayed Growth : Calcium is involved in the growth and development of bones, which are essential for overall growth during childhood and adolescence. Inadequate calcium intake may impair bone growth and contribute to delayed growth or stunted height in children and adolescents. iv. Increased Risk of Rickets : In children, severe calcium deficiency can lead to a condition called rickets, characterized by weak, soft bones that are prone to deformities such as bowed legs, knock knees, and chest deformities. Rickets can impair skeletal development and lead to long-term health problems if not treated promptly. v. Dental Problems : Calcium is also essential for the development and maintenance of healthy teeth. Inadequate calcium intake during childhood and adolescence may increase the risk of dental problems such as tooth decay and weakened tooth enamel. Overall, getting enough calcium during the growing years is critical for optimal bone health, growth, and development. It's essential for parents and caregivers to ensure that children and adolescents consume adequate amounts of calcium-rich foods to support their health and well-being. 4. How much calcium is there in an 8 oz glass of milk? a. The amount of calcium in an 8 oz (240 mL) glass of milk can vary depending on the type of milk. However, on average, cow's milk typically contains around 300 milligrams (mg) of calcium per 8 oz serving. 5. If a person has lactose intolerance and cannot eat dairy products, what non-dairy food could they eat that are good sources of calcium? List at least 4 foods. a. Fortified Plant-Based Milk : Many plant-based milk alternatives, such as soy milk, almond milk, oat milk, and rice milk, are fortified with calcium and other nutrients. These fortified milks can provide a similar amount of calcium as cow's milk, typically around 300-500 milligrams (mg) per 8 oz serving, depending on the brand and fortification. b. Fortified Orange Juice : Some brands of orange juice are fortified with calcium and vitamin D, making them a good non-dairy source of calcium. A typical serving of fortified orange juice can provide around 300 mg of calcium per 8 oz serving. c. Leafy Green Vegetables : Certain leafy green vegetables are naturally rich in calcium. Examples include kale, collard greens, turnip greens, bok choy, and broccoli. While the calcium content in these vegetables can vary, they can still contribute to overall calcium intake. For example, cooked kale provides about 94 mg of calcium per cup. d. Tofu (with Calcium Sulfate) : Tofu made with calcium sulfate is a good source of calcium. It's important to check the label to ensure that the tofu is made with calcium sulfate, as not all tofu varieties contain significant amounts of calcium. Depending on the brand and preparation, tofu can provide around 200-400 mg of calcium per half-cup serving. 6. List at least 4 modifiable risk factors in the development of osteoporosis. Revised 06-07.mlz

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