CJ 120 Module 8 Project 3
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Southern New Hampshire University *
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120
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History
Date
Jan 9, 2024
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docx
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11
Uploaded by ConnieSoFancy on coursehero.com
Module 8 Project 3
Connie Molinaro
Southern New Hampshire University
CJ 120 Cultural Awareness in Criminal Justice
Professor. Tramayne Young, J.M.
August 19, 2023
Dear Board Members,
I would first like to thank you for asking me to expand further on my initial presentation
regarding diverse people struggling within the criminal justice system with your organization.
This opportunity allows me to continue the conversation with all of you about these very relevant
issues.
Understanding how different cultures observe and interact with the various criminal
justice participants, from the community police officer to the court prosecutors and judges, helps
us to understand how some misunderstandings happen between these worlds and gives us insight
into how to fix them.
I am attaching a document I have put together that will address the issues
you would like to discuss further.
Thank you very much for allowing me to work with your
organization in raising awareness about community diversity and how the criminal justice system
can do better in representing the community they serve.
Sincerely,
Connie Molinaro
Differences in culture and how they impact society’s
interactions with criminal justice professionals.
1)
Describe different cultures’ or subcultures’ views of criminal justice professionals.
This country has had a long history of police and communities of color, especially
the African American community, where they experience the most contact with
police, more than any other racial or ethnic group in America (Walker, A., Spohn,
C., DeLone, M., p. 151, 2018).
This increased contact pattern can be attributed to
many factors: high crime rates in lower-income areas will increase the number of
police patrols, and African Americans will seek out the police at higher rates than
other groups either because they are victims of crime or because of problems that
arise and they need the police to assist them, and because of policies like stop and
frisks there will be a higher rate of interactions by police with African Americans.
Because of some of these policies and aggressive contact, there is a long history
of toxicity, animosity, and mistrust from the African American community and
how they view law enforcement.
Many feel they are being unfairly harassed and
singled out because of the color of their skin, and young men feel the racial divide
more in the number of traffic stops, stop and frisks, and arrests they encounter
compared to young white men.
Native Americans have also had many years of distrust of the police and how they
perceive the treatment of crimes against Native American citizens and are widely
felt to be the representatives of an oppressive system.
Back in the 1800s, the
police were on the reservations to help maintain order and reinforce laws that
were established by non-Native American settlers.
These federal troops were
there to ensure the indigenous people didn’t interfere with the economic growth of
the new settlers, ration food, and supplies, and ensure that the Native Americans
did not cross over the reservation boundaries.
Any crime that was committed on
the reservation was basically ignored.
Then in the 1860s, Native Americans were
invited to police themselves on their own reservation lands (Redner-Verna, E.,
Galeste, MA., 2015).
Because Native American tribes are legally recognized as
semi-sovereign nations, they have a broad range of powers to self-govern
themselves (Walker, A., Spohn, C., DeLone, M., p. 152, 2018).
It can get
confusing who responds to what crimes when they happen on an Indian
Reservation: you have tribal police, local sheriff or city police, federal authorities,
and the five different tribal law enforcement agencies. So where the crime
occurred, what type of crime it is, and to whom it was perpetrated factor into who
has jurisdiction to respond and take care of the case.
Remember, too, that some of
these reservations can be thousands and thousands of acres.
Many tribal police do
not have the budget, manpower, or proper resources they need to care for their
citizens.
Asian Americans are the fastest-growing racial group in the U.S., and their views
of how the police treat ethnic groups vary. From the multi-ethnic Asian
Americans, Korean and Indo-Caribbean descendants who feel that racial and
ethnic groups are not treated fairly to a percentage of the Cambodian Americans
and Vietnamese-Americans who do feel police treatment is equal (Wang, H.L.,
2017).
And the generations are also divided on treatment by police: the younger
population feels the police do not treat them fairly, whereas that sentiment in the
population of age 70 and older drops significantly.
More high-profile cases of
interactions caught on video between Asian Americans and law enforcement have
come to light, as in the case of Dr. David Dao, the Vietnamese American doctor
that was forcibly dragged off an overbooked flight on a United Airlines flight in
Chicago by security guards.
Dr. Dao was struck in the head from the overhead
compartments and suffered a concussion, a broken nose, and broken teeth.
He has
since suffered balance and concentration issues and can not run the marathons he
used to.
So as the Asian American population continues to rise in this country, so
too will interactions with the police.
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