Materials M2

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Curtin University *

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Material Science

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Oct 30, 2023

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PRRE1003 Resources, Processes & Materials Engineering Materials: Alloys, Ceramics, Glasses and Composites LECTURE Materials M2 Dr Garry Leadbeater G.Leadbeater@curtin.edu.au

3 Lecture focus Reproduced from “Materials and Man’s Needs”, National Academy of Sciences, Washington D.C., 1974.

4 Lecture Outline o Alloy development and Phase Equilibrium Diagrams • Phase equilibrium diagrams • Heat treatments and case studies – steel and aluminium alloys in the transport and aerospace industries o Non-Metals • Polymers – types and properties • Ceramics and Glasses - types properties, limitations, Weibull statistics • Strengthening and toughening • Composites – Law of Mixtures, design of properties • Examples and case studies - GFRP, CFRP, concrete

5 Alloy Development and Phase Equilibrium Diagrams Alloy Systems Definition: a metallic alloy is a mixture of a metal with other metals or non‐ metals. Alloy System – that which describes all possible permutations of alloys, phases, compositions and temperatures for mixtures of two or more elements. ➢ usually represented by a phase equilibrium diagram . Alloy components – the chemical elements that make up the alloy. Number of components described by type of alloy or alloy system, for instance, binary alloy – 2 components, ternary alloy – 3 components ➢ taking only 45 of the most common metals, any combination of two give 890 binary systems. ➢ since many commercial alloy systems contain many elements, engineers have very many systems available to them.

6 Alloy Development and Phase Equilibrium Diagrams (Ashby GL2 1-27) Phase Equilibrium Diagrams Alloy composition (concentration) – an alloy’s composition is described by presenting the concentration of each component in weight% (or atomic%) Alloy Constitution – described by: • Phases present • Weight fraction of each phase • Composition of each phase Phase is a portion/region of material that has uniform physical and chemical characteristics e.g., • water, brine, ice • pure iron, pure copper • solid solution of Zn in Cu • solid solution of C in Fe M2

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