StatsNH

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May 3, 2024

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AP Statistics Test: Null Hypotheses Section I: Multiple Choice Which of the following best describes a null hypothesis? a) It represents the researcher's belief or prediction about the outcome of a study. b) It states that there is no difference or no effect in the population parameters being studied. c) It is always accepted as true regardless of the study's results. 1. d) It is formulated after the alternative hypothesis has been tested. In a hypothesis test, the null hypothesis is denoted by: a) H ₀ . b) H ₁ . c) α. 2. d) p-value. A researcher wants to investigate whether a new drug is effective in reducing blood pressure. Which of the following would be an appropriate null hypothesis for this study? a) The new drug is effective in reducing blood pressure. b) There is no difference in blood pressure between patients who receive the new drug and those who do not.
c) The new drug is more effective in reducing blood pressure than existing treatments. 3. d) Blood pressure varies among individuals. Which of the following is NOT a step in hypothesis testing? a) State the null and alternative hypotheses. b) Collect and analyze data. c) Determine the level of significance. 4. d) Interpret the results and draw conclusions. A p-value less than the significance level (α) leads to which of the following actions regarding the null hypothesis? a) Reject the null hypothesis. b) Fail to reject the null hypothesis. c) Accept the null hypothesis. 5. d) Modify the null hypothesis. Section II: Free Response State the null and alternative hypotheses for the following scenario: 6. A car manufacturer claims that the average fuel efficiency of its new hybrid model is 60 miles per gallon (mpg). A consumer advocacy group suspects that the true average fuel efficiency is lower than the manufacturer's claim. 7. Describe the importance of choosing an appropriate significance level (α) in hypothesis testing. Provide an example to support your explanation.
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