3-Hexylthiophene Lab Report

Reaction 2 - 1.Used a Beral- type pipet, added about 2mL (40 Drops) of 1M hydrochloric acid solution to a small test tube.

As detailed in Pavia 's Organic Laboratory techniques the reaction is expected to proceed via the following reaction:

Before the start of this experiment, the theoretical yield was calculated. Based off the data, it was found that the limiting reagent is 3-nitrobenzaldehyde. The theoretical yield is determined by relating the moles of the limiting reagent to the moles of the anticipated product by a ratio obtained from the overall equation. The theoretical yield was calculated to be 1.3 g. However, the actual yield obtained was greater than the theoretical yield; in other words, the actual mass of the product was higher than the theoretical mass. This led to an abnormally high yield of 320% and an impure product.

After 10 minutes the reaction liquid was separated from the solid using a vacuum filtration system and toluene. The product was stored and dried until week 2 of the experiment. The product was weighed to be 0.31 g. Percent yield was calculated to be 38.75%. IR spectra data was conducted for the two starting materials and of the product. Melting point determination was performed on the product and proton NMR spectrum was given. The IR spectrum revealed peaks at 1720 cm-1, which indicated the presence of a lactone group, and 1730 cm-1, representing a functional group of a carboxylic acid (C=O), and 3300cm-1, indicating the presence of an alcohol group (O-H). All three peaks correspond with the desired product. A second TLC using the same mobile and stationary phase as the first was performed and revealed Rf Values of 0.17 and 0.43for the product. The first value was unique to the product indicating that the Diels-Alder reaction was successful. The other Rf value of 0.43 matched that of maleic anhydride indicating some

Turning to over-the-counter drugs has become a necessity for those seeking fast and easy pain relief. Several medications have been noted as beneficial and effective, and although Alka-Seltzer tablets, used for pain relief, as an antihistamine, and for nasal decongestion, has not reached the most commonly used, its effectiveness can be proven.2 Dissolved in water before ingestion, Alka-Seltzer tablets use the action of effervescence to produce the release of carbon dioxide gas.1 This release of gas allows for the fizz to occur, and for excess sodium bicarbonate to aid in the pain relief, in combination with aspirin in the tablets.1,2 But, this need for pain relief from over-the-counter drugs has been monitored due to the

Based on prior calculations, expected yield for the alkene products was 79.5%. The actual yield was not as high, resulting in a 28.4% yield. Even with this relatively small yield, the reaction still went to completion as indicated by the GC results in Figure 2. This is known because there is no presence of 2-methyl-1-butanol within the GC spectra. Only the two desired alkene products with

The reaction took place in a conical vial and .2mL of each of the reactant samples were added to it along with some 95% ethanol. Two drops of NaOH were added shortly after and stirred at room temperature for fifteen minutes. The vial was cooled in and ice bath and crystallized. Vacuum filtration was performed to filter the crude product. The crude product was recrystallized using methanol and filtered again. We made one change to the procedure and instead of using .7mL of ethanol we

Dispense .5 mL water into the already weighed conical vial, replace cap and face insert on its down side.

To prepare and purify an ester: 1-pentyl ethanoate, using pent-1-ol and ethanoic acid. An annotated reaction showing this reaction is shown below:

Upon completion of the reaction, the greenish-blue precipitate was vacuum filtered and weighed. A mass of 0.4194g of VIVO(acac)2 with a percent yield of 24.8%. The percent yield was low, but that was most likely due to not allowing

First: Soaking wet gel excessive amount of ethanol at room temperature with a change of ethanol per day for three days and then replaced by ethanol by Regular hexane, which has the surface tension less where soak gel excessive amount of regular hexane at room temperature and the new regimes hexane day for three days in order to make sure fully replace solvent, then drying the gel in different ways as

The process was then repeated for the second reaction but using 1.00-mL of a 6.00-M phosphoric acid solution and 4.00-mL of a 3.00-M sodium hydroxide solution.

The purpose of the experiment is isolate the natural products -terpenes and acetogenins- and to observe their properties. The terpene used was used to isolate was limonene from a citrus peel, and the acetogenin that was used to isolate was eugenol from clove oil. The techniques used to isolate these two natural products was a steam distillation and extraction. The amount of eugenol that was recovered 2.39 grams. After the recovery of eugenol, an IR spectrum was obtained. The IR spectrum displayed the presence of an alcohol at 3529.37 cm-1 and an alkene at 1638.08 cm-1. Classification tests are used to determine what is present.The results for the classification tests for eugenol are shown below in the table.

Through this experiment we have successfully cloned and expressed Crassostrea virginica homolog of hypoxia inducible factor-1. This transcription factor, Hif-1, has many unknown possible cellular signaling pathways. One possible pathway interaction is between Hif-1 and its role in apoptosis and cell cycle control, since one of the effect of hypoxia is cell death. In the apoptosis pathway, the tumor suppressor protein, p53, is inhibited via Mdm2. This pathway has not been fully determined yet in the eastern oyster, thus it is speculated that Hif-1α and p53 could interact directly or indirectly via Mdm2 (Schmid, 2004). Hif-1 and its control of cell cycle arrest can be evaluated using protein-protein interactions. In order to determine the actual pathway, the possible interaction of Hif-1 and Mdm2 can be tested for this indirect control of apoptosis.

Then 0.5 mL of bromobenzene was slowly added dropwise through the top of the condenser. The reaction was then stirred for 15 minutes. The reaction was poured into a small beaker containing 5 mL of water. Then the solid product was filtered and washed with a few milliliters of water. Lastly, the solid