9 Fluorenone Lab Report

These were most likely impurities, in which case I added a bit more water than was necessary. Also, the lab manual says to take two samples of each mixture (unknown; ½ phenacetin; ½ acetanilide) for the melting point, but we only conducted one.

In order to isolate benzoic acid, benzocaine and 9-fluorenone, each component needed to be separated from one another. All three compounds began together in one culture tube, dissolved in methylene chloride and formed into a homogenous mixture. In this culture tube, two milliliters of aqueous three molar hydrochloric acid was added, which immediately formed two layers, the top acidic aqueous layer was clear in color and contained benzocaine, and the bottom organic formed was yellow and contained benzoic acid and 9-fluorenone. Benzocaine’s amino group is protonated by the aqueous layer hydronium. This protonation forms the conjugate acid of benzocaine, benzocaine hydrochloride. Thus, the conjugate acid, benzocaine hydrochloride is a salt in which is soluble in water and furthermore can be isolated from the organic mixture. When testing out the pH levels in benzocaine, the pH test strip was dark blue in color, indicating a pH level of around 5 to 7. When isolating benzoic acid, two milliliters of aqueous three molar sodium hydroxide was added, which deprotonates the carboxylic group in benzoic acid, forming its conjugate base, sodium benzoate. As with benzocaine hydrochloride, sodium benzoate is a water soluble ionic salt in the aqueous layer that can then be separated from the bottom organic layer containing the 9-fluorenone. The pH test strip was a vibrant red for benzoic acid, indicating a pH of 2. Now the 9-fluorenone is left, deionized water is added to remove any excess

Abstract: Using hypochlorous acid to convert secondary alcohol called cyclododecanol to the corresponding ketone which is cyclododecanone by oxidation.

The spectrometer was calibrated using a “blank” cuvette of methanol and then the absorbance and the wavelength for each dye was measured. Each dye was diluted tenfold several times with methanol until the max wavelength peak had an absorbance less than 1. All three dyes needed to be diluted 3 times before they were at the correct concentration to measure the maximum wavelength. As each dye was diluted the colors of the dyes became more faded and also a lighter shade, for example 1-1’-diethyl-2-2’-cyanine iodide, which was red initially became a shade of pink. The initial colors observed for pinacyanol chloride was blue and 1-1’-diethyl-2-2’-dicarbocyanine iodide was green. Graphs of the absorbance versus wavelength (nm) for all three dyes

In this paper, the author want to know whether human genetic patents affect subsequent scientific research and product development. They use the administrative data on successful and unsuccessful patent applications filed with the USPTO and then link the exact gene sequences required for each application with subsequent scientific research and business investment data. By using these data, they found patented genes have more valuable prior to being patented than non-patented genes. They used two quasi-experimental approaches to text their hypothesis. In the end, they found both of the approaches suggest that on average gene patents have had no effect on follow-on innovation. “This evidence of selection motivates two

The element Fluorine is an extraordinary element. The uses for this element are vast and very extensive. This element was discovered in 1810 and very long ago. The element was discovered by Henri Moissan. The origin of the word ”Fluorine” came from the Latin word fluere meaning “to flow”. F is the symbol for Fluorine to make it shorter.

The melting point found for tran-cinnamic acid in part 1 as well as all 3 of the compounds tested in part 2B fall in this range. The melting point found for the unknown compound (which was identified to be trans-cinnamic acid) is only slightly higher than the range. This can be due to errors such as an error in the software or not recording the temperature immediately after the last crystal liquefied. Overall, the results found in this experiment support the data found on

Other than that sodium borohydride is also used for reducing aldehydes and ketones. Aldehydes can be reduced selectively in the presence of ketones. In alcoholic media or THF sodium borohydride reduces for example halides, anhydrides, quartenary pyridinium salts, double bonds conjugated to two electron-withdrawing groups and C-Hg bonds. It leaves under ambient conditions epoxides, esters and lactones, carboxylic acids, amides and most nitro compounds unreacted. The reactivity of NaBH4 can be enhanced by the additives. In the presence of organic acids NaBH4 forms acyloxyborohydrides, either monoacyloxy (Na(RCOO)BH3) or triacyloxyborohydrides (Na(RCOO)3BH) depending on the quantity of organic acid (RCOOH)

If PTC cells harboring mutations are found to be more mesenchymal than PTC cells containing mutations by having less E-cadherin and more N-cadherin, then these results would suggest that FLRT3 drives papillary thyroid cancer progression as shown through increased EMT. However, if differentiation of cadherin expression is observed for FTC cells harboring mutations in the presence or absence of FLRT3, then the results would indicate that FLRT3 does not progress PTC specifically. In the resistance to apoptosis experiments, if the absence of FLRT3 in indicated PTC mutant cell lines increases apoptosis when treated with apoptotic inducing agents, then the data would suggest that the PTC mutant cells are less resistant to apoptosis in the

This research paper is on the element Fluorine. Fluorine was considered an element in 1810 by a scientist named André-Marie Ampère. The first mineral containing fluorine was a mineral known as fluorite which was discovered in 1529. The original applications for the mineral fluorite was mainly to lower the melting point of ores.

Fluoroquinolones(FQs) antibiotics were first introduced in the US market in the 1980s.1 Since their introduction, FQs have been used extensively to treat a wide range of infections. 2 Initially, these agents were used to treat infections caused by gram negative bacteria. However, newer agents in this class have gained further coverage of gram positive bacteria, atypical pathogens and even anaerobes. 3 FQs have a distinctive mechanism of action as they are the only class of antimicrobial agents in clinical use that are direct inhibitors of bacterial DNA synthesis. 3

As observed in both experiments and simulations, at 2 atm, DME can slightly inhibiting effect on n-pentane ignition, while at 10 and 20 atm, DME addition did not obvious influence n-pentane ignition. To further understand this phenomenon, reaction pathway analysis of DME, 50%DME/50% n-pentane and n-pentane were conducted at 20% fuel consumption using NUI Galway pentane isomers model.

In the monohydric alcohol group there is Methanol (wood alcohol), ethanol (alcohol), isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol), Butyl alcohol (butanol), pentanol (amyl alcohol), and hexadecan-1-ol (cetyl alcohol). Another group of alcohols would be the polyhydric alcohols. With these alcohols there are ethane 1,2-diol (ethylene glycol), propane 1,2-diol (propylene glycol), Propane-1,2,3-triol (glycerol), Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (Erythritol, Threitol), Pentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol (xylitol), Hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol (Mannitol, Sorbitol), Heptane-1,2,3,4,5,6,7-heptol (volemitol). Another group of alcohols would be the unsaturated aliphatic alcohols. In this group would be Prop-2-ene-1-ol (allyl alcohol), 3, 7-Dimethylocta-2, 6-dien-1-ol (geraniol), and Prop-2-in-1-ol (Propargyl alcohol). The last group of the alcohols would be alicyclic alcohols. In this group there is Cyclohexane-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-hexol (inositol) and 2 - (2-propyl)-5-methyl-cyclohexane-1-ol (menthol) (Britannica). The names above are just a list of some of the alcohols that can be found within the big range and different types of alcohols. The alcohols above use the same formats as alkanes to be named.

In the lab, the oxidation is from a primary alcohol into an aldehyde. Specifically, 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol is being oxidized and Pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC)

As a prevailing spectroscopic characterization, fourier transform infrared spectra help us to verify the existence of addition of sodium based second phase in CuO:Na+ nanoparticles . The bands of pristine CuO and pristine Na2O are located at 459, 502, 591 cm-1 and 890 cm-1, 1430 cm-1 respectively was reported by kim et. al and khufu et at. [177, 271]. As seen from figure 7, three characteristic strong peaks located at 429, 502, 591 cm-1, associated with the Cu–O vibrations of monoclinic CuO. The peaks centered at 502 cm-1, demonstrate red shift and the peak at 591 cm-1 shows blue shift compared with the pristine CuO values (429, 502, 591 cm-1). with the doping of Na. The observed red and blue shifts due to Na-doping may be related to