A Short Note On The Transportation Act Of 1982

market. This suggests that the company is highly influenced by the condition of the U.S. economy. UPS is currently in a strong position in terms of increasing shipping volumes (directly affecting the domestic segment) as a result of the improving economic climate and increase in consumer spending. Although the U.S. economy is progressing, consumers remain weary and tend to limit their spending and prefer lower-cost alternatives. The price of raw materials is also a significant factor. Oil prices in particular are highly volatile and a number of external factors such as foreign exchange fluctuations, foreign policy agendas, and supply and demand levels from emerging markets all affect dramatic price changes. The U.S. Energy Information Administration estimates 2016 fuel prices will decrease from the previous year, to a predicted price per gallon of $2.38 (Investopedia). As companies like UPS take initiatives to cut costs and maintain efficiency, profit margins have increased from 11.9% in 2011 to an estimated 13.5% in 2016. This increase is a result of implementations such as UPS’s Worldport expansion of utilizing more “fuel-efficient aircrafts to help lower operating costs” (IBIS). With the increase use of e-commerce platforms, U.S. consumers have access to more information than ever before—allowing them to make more informed purchase decisions. Technology has allowed

Over-the-road, or long-haul, truck drivers carry merchandise over state lines. In some cases, these drivers travel a consistent route, but others may work a variety of routes all over the country. Some commercial drivers specialize in carrying uncommon cargo, such as hazardous materials or cars. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), jobs for drivers of heavy and tractor-trailer trucks (including commercial trucks) were projected to increase 11% during the 2012-2022 decade. In May 2013, the BLS noted that the median annual salary for the field was $38,700. Commercial truck drivers must obtain a commercial driver's license to operate vehicles over 26,001 pounds of gross vehicle weight, according to the U.S. Department of Transportation's Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (www.fmcsa.dot.gov). Drivers of vehicles transporting hazardous materials or oversized cargo must also obtain special endorsements and a commercial driver's license (CDL) in their home state. The hazardous materials endorsement involves a knowledge test as well as a TSA (Transportation Security Administration) threat

Due to this migration the National Interstate and Defense Highways Act of 1956 was created. The justification given to the public was that it would make evacuation of large cities more efficient in case of an attack by the Soviet Union. It became the largest public works program in American history. The program was completely funded by taxes placed on goods that were needed for this migration (e.g., gas, oil, tires, buses and trucks). Two industries that reaped the most from this were the automobile industry and suburban home construction.

It required that all prices must be reasonable and just, rates must be publically posted, outlawed all secret rebates and deals, and price discrimination against smaller companies was now made illegal. While the act promised many changes to reduce the domination of the railroad monopolies, it was not enforced as pro-railroad commissioners were appointed by most of the later presidents. The next act passed by congress in 1890 called Sherman Antitrust Act. The objective of the act was to ban trusts and other contracts that restrained free trade. Much like the Interstate Commerce it was not enforced at all. In fact it was used to help the railroad monopolies even more by regulating labor unions. The very pro-business Supreme Court would rule that strikes violated the prohibition against “a conspiracy in restraint of trade.” In the act. This was the opposite intent of the act, and would not be properly enforced until the early

During the depression of the 1870s, farmers protested against railroaders who ran the farmers into bankruptcy. Many Midwestern legislatures tried to regulate the railroad monopoly. In 1887, Congress passed the Interstate Commerce Act. It prohibited rebates and pools, required the railroads to publish their rates openly, forbade unfair discrimination against shippers, and outlawed charging more for a short trip than for a long trip over the same line. It also created the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to administer and enforce the new legislation. The new laws provided a forum where competing businesses could resolve their conflicts in peaceful ways (instead of engaging in price wars). Congress passed the Sherman Anti-Trust Act of

• With increase in trucking companies, problem of heavy carbon dioxide emission in environment will arrive sooner than expected Conclusion: Deregulation of the trucking industry has resulted in more competition and efficiency without of service cutbacks to smaller shippers, freeing up the trucking market to permit much more flexible pricing and service arrangements, allowed manufacturers to reduce inventories, move their products more quickly, and be more responsive to customers. Thus, Consumers indirectly benefited from the more efficient, lower-cost transport of goods In my opinion following major changes USA will experience in near future due to deregulation: • Total cost is going to be rise high for shippers as well as for carriers, since they will compete for drivers with best safety score. • A problem of Driver shortages will hit truck industry sooner than expected • Safety is going to be the top most priority of carriers • Quality of service is not going to suffered due to deregulation My recommendation on this scenario would be greater economic efficiencies can be achieved by increasing truck size and weight carrying capacity of truck which would boost the economy in general and would also help to reduce carbon foot

The United States Shipping Act of 1984 is a law with regulations regarding ocean shipping to and from the U.S.. It contains pro-competition as well as anti-competition. This bill was later replaced by the Shipping Act of 1998.

Transportation planning is the process of planning what you will look at and what you are going to do in the future in regards to the transportation system. According to Caltrans, the transportation process is carried out in the continuing, cooperative, and comprehensive fashion. States and local agencies will need to identify goals, needs, and investment priorities for their transportation system. Sufficient funding is also essential to transportation planning because it addresses state and local transportation needs and issues. The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) is a law that established a new vision for surface transportation in America and posed a major change to transportation planning and policy. In addition,

The Federal Motor Carrier Act in 1980 caused the deregulation. “The Act abolished the old regulatory system to (cut) barriers to new competition” (p13). New companies, mostly small and without assets, entered the industry, driving down rates and wages. Established companies faltered and unions disappeared. This is a good example of the race to the bottom. Within a few years, the industry adopted a new business model. Under this model, many port truck drivers became classified as independent contractors. This occurred because “deregulation provided an opportunity to cut costs by shifting liability to drivers, an opportunity which cargo shippers and trucking companies seized” (“The Big Rig”,

The bill was introduced during a period of economic recession and was believed to be a boost to American auto manufacturers who were, besides Ford Motor Company, struggling with high debts

A disruption in trucking for just several days would impact numerous industries and markets as well as significantly impact the safety and well-being of Americans. Not only does trucking provide vital services by transporting essential products, but it also contributes to the economy as a thriving and growing industry. The long-distance freight trucking industry employed over 1,107,000 in 2015 with forecasted growth for the next five years. However, the industry is voicing its concern over a shortage of drivers. Contribution of truck transportation as a whole to the gross output since the recession in 2009 has steadily increased to 332.4 billion in 2014 with a forecast of continued growth for the foreseeable future. The trucking industries input to the Gross Domestic Product from 2010 to 2014 was .8% annually. The contribution of long-distance freight trucking to the GDP during 2015 was over $63,000,000 with anticipated increase for the next five years. The trucking industry in its entirety appears to have only minimally invested in R&D with the most recent records indicating approximately 166 million spent in 2007. Much of the data on R&D is confidential. Aside from GPS and equipment monitoring devices there has not been much new technology introduced due in large part because the industry is mature. Only time will tell what the future holds with Europe’s testing of self-driving semi-trailer

To book a load with a shipper, drivers and carriers simply press a few buttons on their mobile devices through the Uber Freight app. The loads that drivers or carriers choose can be either short or long hauls. Before agreeing to book a load, drivers are prompted with the price that Uber is willing to pay along with the load details, such as the type of freight that a driver will be hauling. Uber pays on a flat rate basis, but their pay varies from lane to lane, depending on where the load must be taken. The reason I looked into forming a partnership with Uber Freight is because it could significantly disrupt the trucking industry; Uber’s power to disrupt can be seen with the traditional taxi service industry. In regards to the trucking business, this app could significantly lessen the roll of a freight dispatcher and freight broker, which are both mainly responsible for matching carriers and shippers in the industry today. With this app, there is no longer the need for someone to contact a dispatcher or broker to match them with a possible load. With Uber Freight, a carrier can simply go on their phone and find a load that works best for them. In my opinion as individuals continue to adopt new technology, I believe this interface has the potential to be the future of the trucking industry as it continues to grow. Despite this promise,

-The Logistics and Transportation Industry in the United States. (n.d.). Retrieved July 5, 2015, from http://selectusa.commerce.gov/industry-snapshots/logistics-and-transportation-industry-united-states.html

In February 2011, the U.S. House of Representatives announced the Safe and Efficient Transportation Act (SETA – H.R.763). The act allows states to increase the weight of trucks operating on the highways between 80,000 pounds and 97,000 pounds and would require tractor trailers to have a sixth axle (Douglas, 2012).

The parts of the trucking industry that where not regulated had grown to surpass the regulated segments and began to take large amounts of the railroads business. A large majority of the railroads where bankrupt or headed that way. Penn Central railroad was the largest bankruptcy to date at the time. Workers’ unions were one reasons regulated areas where in such trouble. Companies would have to reward wage increases to unions and not be able to pass this cost on directly to the customers. Companies had to compete by adding services and offerings but where not able to drive cost down. (Wood, 2017) To get an understanding on the cost of regulations, consider this example, “In a 2014 report, the National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) modeled 2012 total annual regulatory costs in the economy of $2.028 trillion”. (The Cost of Regulation and Intervention, 2017)