LITERATURE STUDY
2.1 Carbon dioxide gas
2.1.1 Overview
Carbon dioxide, in its gaseous form, is a natural constituent gas of the Earth’s terrestrial atmosphere [5]. According to the standards outlined by The International Institute of Refrigeration the chemical formula for carbon dioxide is CO2 and the refrigerant code for carbon dioxide is R744 [6]. CO2 gas is poisonous to living organisms when inhaled in a sufficiently concentrated form. The molecule of carbon dioxide consists of two oxygen atoms bonded to one carbon atom. It can be produced by the combustion of hydrocarbons, as the product of breathing of living people and animals and by fermentation [7]. The carbon dioxide molecule is illustrated in the figure that follows: Figure 2: Carbon dioxide molecule [8].
2.1.2 Physical properties
The following table contains some important properties of carbon dioxide:
Table 1: Carbon dioxide properties [7].
Property: Value:
Molecular weight 44.01 g/mol
Critical temperature 30.98 ℃
Critical pressure 73.77 bar
Critical density 467.6 kg/m3
Triple point temperature -56.56 ℃
Triple point pressure 5.187 bar
Gas density @ 1.013 bar and sublimation point 2.813 kg/m3
Gas specific gravity 1.53
Gas viscosity @ 1.013 bar and 0 ℃ 1.3711 x 10-3 Poise
Thermal conductivity @ 1.013 bar and 0 ℃ 14.674 mW/(m.K)
Specific heat (constant pressure) @ 1.013 bar and 25 ℃ 0.0374 kJ/(mol.K)
Specific heat (constant volume) @ 1.013 bar and 25 ℃ 0.0289 kJ/(mol.K)
Ratio of specific heats
Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and poisonous gas. CNESST reported that 4 workers died at work of CO poisoning in the last 5 years. (25) CO could be fatal at certain concentration. Its effects can occur well before being aware enough of its presence. In Canada, more than 50 person lose their life each year from CO poisoning, of which an average of 11 deaths in Ontario. Every year significant number are suffering from CO poisoning, many of whom are permanently disabled. In Canada between 2000 and 2009, 380 accidental deaths were documented by CO. (27) Headache, nausea, burning eyes, fainting, confusion, and drowsiness are such alarm that you are exposed to CO. (28) Exposure to CO may be particularly dangerous for elderly,
The rapidly increasing amount of carbon dioxide may be one of the factors that cause climate change. As Hillman states, “Concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are increasing, and have done so since the Industrial Revolution.” An atmospheric CO2 concentration, research shows that there is a dramatic increase from 280 parts per million (ppm) in 1750 to 373 ppm in 2002, a rise of the third. Furthermore, the linear chart demonstrated the trend of annual global CO2
1.What two factors did you investigate in your procedure, and why did you choose to compare these two factors?
Carbon dioxide is very important in the atmosphere, however only in moderation. For centuries humans have been burning coal, oil, and fossil fuels therefore releasing tons of carbon into the air. The problem with this is that this can cause a problem known as global warming. This is a major climate problem, which has series results on people and the environment. The result on people can be very deadly. Too much carbon in the air can cause cancer.
Carbon monoxide is a by-product of natural gas, with potentially deadly effects. When inhaled, this toxic gas can cause unconsciousness, permanent brain damage, and even death. Furthermore, carbon monoxide is completely odorless, tasteless, and colorless, making it almost impossible to detect without specialized equipment or
Dry Ice is carbon dioxide that is frozen. It is a normal part of our earth's atmosphere. It is the gas that we exhale during breathing. It’s used for photosynthesis. This gas is often captured during industrial processes and also recycled to make dry ice. Its very cold temperature at -78.5°C or -109.3°F . Dry ice was not invented, but it was discovered by Charles Thilorie. The first patent on dry ice was issued in 1924. Dry ice has been discovered in space on planets and comets. Dry ice passes directly into the vapor stage without melting. Which is called sublimation. Vegetable oil is an all purpose oil. It’s a blended of refined oils such as corn, palm, sunflower, or soybean. Most oils are made in soybean, high in monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated
Carbon dioxide (CO2) as I’m sure you know isn’t the best thing in the world. It’s destroying it in fact, but since 1767 it has been used in drinks to make them fizzy. It’s a surprisingly delicious use for the gas that has become very common in today’s society. It’s most common use are in “soft drinks” which is actually a somewhat incorrect term for the product. “Soft drinks” are defined as having little alcohol content so while this is true for drinks like Coke and Pepsi, it can also be applied to many other drinks and not exclusively drinks like Coke and Pepsi, which in society we refer to as “soft drinks”. When we drink these “soft drinks” we feel a tingling on our tongue and a bit of an acidic bite in our throat. The tingling
What I find interesting is the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and the natural way it gets consumed. Carbon dioxide shouldn’t be looked at as a bad thing, we need some of it for plants and other life, but too much of anything is bad. I thought the pattern of CO2 was interesting because it matched the seasons. During the fall when plants die the CO2 increases, and when they come back to life the CO2 decrease. It looks like this is a natural process of how the earths controls the CO2. The problem is that the plants can only handle so much CO2 and when humans produce it 24 hours a day, the earth can’t catch up and do its job.
“CO2 gas emissions” is a mystical term which everyone should pay attention to. C02 gas is a colorless, odorless gas that is present in the atmosphere and is formed when any fuel containing carbon is burned. Plants and trees are using it in the process of photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide is also used in refrigeration, fire extinguishers, and carbonated drinks. In other words this is the gas we need to fight with! By using fossil fuels in almost everything we do, we make a huge cloud of gas and this is warming up the world. By doing this, we cause serious damage to the nature and we may have an irreversible effect on it and the future.
• Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas that warms the atmosphere. • Since pre-industrial times, atmospheric CO2 concentrations have increased from about 280 parts per million (ppm) to over 380 ppm. Current concentrations of CO2 and other greenhouse gases are unprecedented in at least the last 650,000 years, based on records from gas bubbles trapped in polar ice. • Independent measurements demonstrate that the increased CO2 in the atmosphere comes
Carbon dioxide as a reality is a colorless gas. Reducing it down to its essential form would involve one carbon and two oxygen elements. However, a more simple essence is a greenhouse gas which leads to the model of a green house.
One public health problem is carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. CO is a gas that has no odor nor color and can lead to sudden sickness or mortality (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2011). CO is formed whenever fossil fuel is burned in in an automobile, generator, furnace, grill, or anywhere else (CDC, 2011). As a result, the CO emitted from these sources may build up in spaces that are closed off or semi-closed. Consequently, those individuals, as well as animals, found in these locations become poisoned from the emission (CDC, 2011). Therefore, there are number of leading stakeholders involved with preventing this from happening.
Air quality is one of the most important environmental problems, since it has a major impact on the health of a large section of the urban population. Carbon monoxide (CO) can cause harmful effects on human health as it reduces the oxygen supply to various organs of the body. Exposure to lower levels of carbon monoxide is very serious for those who suffer from heart disease and can cause chest pain while recurrent exposure may contribute to additional cardiovascular disease. Even healthy people can be affected by high levels of carbon monoxide. People who breathe in high levels of carbon monoxide can develop vision problems, reduce the ability to work or learn, reduce the manual ability, and difficulty in performing complicated tasks. At very high levels, carbon monoxide is poisonous and can cause death. [1-5]. Consequently, the effects of carbon monoxide on human health are significant and reinforce the need for appropriate measures to adequately control the pollution of the environment. For this reason, recording, studying and predicting carbon monoxide concentrations are necessary.
Imagine a killer perfect enough to travel through the corridors of your home completely undetectable to the eye of its prey. It can’t be heard, can’t be smelled, and before you or anyone in your household realizes that something is wrong, it could already be too late. Over ten thousand people fall victim to carbon monoxide poisoning and over one thousand five hundred die per year of this gas so deadly, it is referred to as the “silent killer”(“What Is Carbon Monoxide?”). Carbon monoxide, or CO for short, is a flammable, colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is produced during incomplete combustion of fuel and it’s ability to do harm resides within the lack of knowledge and understanding of this gas by society. To remain safe from carbon
High atmospheric CO2 has become an environmental concern and will always be unless we change our ways of life. Discussions concerning this topic end up pointing nothing but that regardless of all the other indicators indicating that we are actually doing better, unfortunately that is not good enough, we need a dramatic change in our current lifestyles because the life we currently are living in is the biggest contributor to this observed atmospheric CO2 levels. We should and are afraid that the consequence of the elevating atmospheric CO2 which is global warming could eventually destruct our ecosystems and the vital services they confer. About 80% of the additional atmospheric CO2 is a result of oil, gas and coal combustion mainly by industries and the remaining 20% is a result of alter ecosystem in a form of deforestation, thus disturbing the fixation of this gas in plants (IPCC 2007).