Question | ONE Accountants owe the duty to act in a professional and ethical manner concerning clients, as well an obligation to respect the laws that are involved with the profession. This is where a crossroads of ethics and legalities are formed and potentially the defining point of crucial decision-making. Stephen Richards and his actions under employment with Computer Associates (CA) are then examined in light of this concept. Accusations against Stephen Richards permitting the backdating of contracts unlawfully were confirmed, giving sanction to the unethical nature of his behaviour. Henderson describes that illegal behaviour will not be deemed unethical when the legal system, accounting profession and society all agree upon the …show more content…
CA would no longer be participating in fraudulent behaviour but referred to as adopting earnings management strategies or “aggressive accounting”. These flexibilities within the constraints of regulations therefore socially and legally accepted in the accounting profession. Question | TWO Within the accounting profession, “grey areas” are created through the vague definitions between legal and illegal. Often difficulties arise when there are such pressures to meet expectations that it comes down to “individual interpretation” (Soltes, 2011). Richards’ belief that the vulnerability of a company can derive from subjective decision-making in these “gray areas” exposes a void in which managers should be monitoring more closely. “Strong governance involves balancing corporate performance with an appropriate level of monitoring” ”(Brown et. al, 2011). CA has culturally been described as to “live[d] on a knife edge”, in regards to the expectations on performance, explains Richards. Even his involvement in the board only dealt with operational aspects leaving strategic and directional managing unaccounted for. “Non performance was not accepted. My behaviour… was a direct result of these pressures” (Soltes, 2011). It is fair to say that management should have played a better role in providing guidance for situations that involved such ambiguity when performance based demands were causing biased
The manager will need to ensure that they have the correct level of rapport with their employee. Too familiar in nature may be misconstrued as forward and harassing in the wrong context. However no personal rapport whatsoever may provide the receiver of the information with the impression that the sender of the information is just not interested. A fine line must be weighed up for each individual. When a good rapport has been achieved, then the person will uncritically accept suggestion or advice which they are given.
1. The pressure announced on last night's television weather broadcast was 29.92. Explain how this was measured and give the units. Would this be considered an unusually large or low pressure value?
Throughout history and in our own time, legitimate accounting methods have been utilized to fraudulently engage in manipulating activities that results in illicit gains to the perpetrators and losses to individuals and financial institutions.
Refer as needed to the material in Chapters 12 and 13 of the textbook. Keep the following tips in mind as you research data, as well as organize, analyze, interpret, and illustrate these data:
During the first session it is important to ensure that the practitioner can provide the client with
The Accounting Professional and Ethical Standards Board (APESB) is a characterised mark of accountancy profession that plays an important role to the accounting employees, helping them to understand and comply with their responsibilities recognised by the fundamental principles of ethics. Nevertheless, there has been a massive growth of financial employees acting unethical behaviour, resulting in an ongoing liability for the business organisation. Many entities particularly in Australia have been investigated for stimulating tax evasion such as the ‘Tax Fraud case of Carl William Wheeler’ in year 2008-2009 which was accused for using tax havens in UK for evading tax obligations. However, there are points of view within the structure of professional
1. (TCO 3) At the end of the period it is necessary to close all temporary accounts. (1) Explain why this process is required (15 points) and (2) provide an example of the closing of an expense account, Salary Expense in the form of a journal entry.
I am a Dental Sister at Guys and St Thomas’ Hospital. I will be teaching 1st year Undergraduate Bachelor Dental Students (BDS). The 1st year BDS have to have certain criteria when enrolling on the 5 year BDS course the academic entry requirements are Biology and Chemistry A-level grade A, Mathematics A-level grade A, GCSE grade B in both English and Maths and all applicants must take UKCAT. There is also some non-academic entry requirements which include scholastic activity, community activity, general activity/interests and work shadowing/observation experience. The
I suspect that most of us can view and appreciate most sports such as baseball, football, and basketball. What if you were to view a Cricket World Cup game? If you didn’t know the rules you probably would not have much fun. The same happens in business if you don’t understand its language – Accounting. What rules impact a business’ Accounting Information System? What types of compliance is required?
Some students will merely refer to the principles in Amadio case to support their
Using no more than 250 words, write a description of the object depicted in Figures 1 and 2
This study seeks to identify the core mandate of the MMC and to describe its role at providing
Ruth Hines’ paper discussing how we construct reality is very interesting and leads one to wonder whether accountants have too much power. Accounting classes teach concepts of realization and organizations as if it has always been that way. It is hard to think of why accountants do things the way they do, because it is just the way it is supposed to be done. Accountants are considered to be the professionals that everyday stakeholders trust to provide reliable information. As Hines said, “Everything would be a mess without us.” Naturally, everyone assumes accountants always know how to handle an issue; it is safe to say most people assume they do not have issues in the first place. But, of course, there are always issues that need to be handled.
Related party transactions throughout the history of accounting tell the tale of fraud and intent to deceive. While many related party transactions are carried out without the intent to commit fraud with the misrepresentation of financial reporting, these are not the stories that have led to the AICPA’s clarified standard on auditing, AU C 550 Related Party Transactions, effective for all audits after December 2012, and the PCAOB’s AS 18, Related Parties, issued in June 2014. An understating of the evolution of guidance and rulings as applicable to related party transactions is necessary to evaluate whether the risk associated with such transactions can be mitigated through the audit process, or if tougher penalties should be put in place to make the rewards for management less attractive and the punishment equally something to be avoided.
Johnny being a certified public agent (CPA) can rationalize his behaviour by performing according to the act APES 110. In the above scenario, Johnny tried to mislead the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PACOB) under the pressure of his manager by manipulating the financial information and confidential information of the client prior to the submission of report to PACB. The significance of any of the unethical and dishonest behaviour can be evaluated and safeguarded by consulting with superiors within the employing organisation, professional bodies, up-to-date with internal and external audit procedures and education on ethical issues. Johnny should always act according to the fundamental principles of APES 110 and should always perform