Analysis Of A Rounded Version: The Theory Of Multiple Intelligences By Howard Gardner

Howard Gardner has came up with seven clear intelligences Visual-Spatial, Bodily-kinesthetic, Musical, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Linguistic, and Logical-Mathematical that outline individual's strengths and are designed based on different tasks, problem solving, and progress in various types of domains. According to Gardner's theory "we are all able to know the world through language, logical-mathematical analysis, spatial representation, musical thinking, the use of the body to solve problems or to make things, an understanding of other individuals, and an understanding of ourselves”(Lane , C. (n.d.). Multiple Intelligences). Visual-Spatial in Gardner's theory is when a person is taught how to remember things through drawings and verbal and physical imagery. Bodily-kinesthetic is used when a person uses communication through there body language, like role playing, hands on learning,

Gardner examined many subjects to decide upon the seven intelligences in his Multiple theories of Intelligence. Gardner finally concluded that intelligent behavior does not come from one single quality of the mind. He believed that different intelligences are generated from different metaphorical pools of mental energy, and that these pools enable people to solve problems or create products that are valued within one or more cultural settings. He came up with this concept from his experiences working with members of different populations where certain cognitive abilities are apparent even in the absence of basic abilities. For example, when an autistic person is a genius at math and lacks the ability to tie his shoes.

     A renowned professor of education and psychology at Harvard University, Howard Gardner has radically changed the way we look at intelligence. In 1983 Gardner published the first of two books that theorize that there are multiple intelligences. Gardner believes “that human cognitive competence is better described in terms of a set of abilities, talents, or mental skills, which we call “intelligence” (378). Gardner’s theory dismisses the idea that intelligence is a single attribute of the mind and suggests that there are different types of intelligences that account for different human

You’re a genius! As this compliment rings in your head imagine that someone is referring to your ability to understand yourself, or even your ability to interact with other people. Under Gardner’s Theory of multiple intelligences each and every one of us have different intelligence strengths, our individual strengths are important in how we develop. Possibly making more unconventional geniuses. Knowing and acknowledging our strengths can help us to excel in life at different levels. Most of us are a combination of many different intelligences. Normally with one or two that are stronger than the others. Like many others you might be thinking intelligence only in reference to a high IQ, and knowledge these other so called “intelligences” are too broad, but I believe you couldn’t be more incorrect. These are possible new ideas for you but consider the fact that we all learn differently if we all had the same type of intelligence than we would all learn the exact same way. As we know this clearly not true. After deep reflection and some research I believe my strongest intelligence is Interpersonal intelligence. Strong interpersonal intelligence are people who are good at understanding and interacting with others nonverbally and verbally. Usually more talented in assessing the emotions and desires of those around them. My second strongest intelligence is intrapersonal intelligences describe as one’s ability to know and understand them self. It is believed that these

‘‘Gardner’s multiple intelligences theory can be used for curriculum development, planning instruction, selection of course activities, and related assessment strategies. Instruction which is designed to help students develop their strengths can also trigger their confidence to develop areas in which they are not as strong. Students’ multiple learning preferences can be addressed when instruction includes a range of meaningful and appropriate methods, activities, and assessments. Gardner’s early work in psychology and later in human cognition and human potential’ led to the development of the initial six intelligences. Today there are nine intelligences and the possibility of others may eventually expand the list. These intelligences (or competencies) relate to a person’s unique aptitude set of capabilities and ways they might prefer to demonstrate intellectual abilities’’ ( (Armstrong, T., 2010). Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences

In this essay I will discuss the three types of intelligences known as linguistic, body-kinesthetic, and mathematical as theorized by Gardner and how they relate to real-world examples. Each example represents a type of intelligence. Critics have also developed arguments against Gardner’s research.

Gardner posited that a person’s g factor could be divided into eight different distinct intelligences. These intelligences include: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, and naturalist. Unlike other Psychometric theories Gardner’s theory doesn’t rely upon the results of I.Q. tests. Instead, he based it on observation that show that certain parts of the brain are associated with different intelligence (Sternberg 44). Linguistic intelligence can at its core is an ability to comprehend speech. Howard Gardner defines Intelligence as being “a set of skills of problem solving—enabling the individual to resolve genuine problems or difficulties that he or she encounters” (60). This skill is critical for the survival of humans, allowing for the direct transmission of learning, the persuasion of others to the a course of action, as well as explaining your own actions. Logical-mathematical intelligence is an understanding of the permanence of objects (objects exist even when not interacting with a person) and the results of one’s actions. This then develops into a capability to classify objects together. The need to classify “small” and “large” therefore was what gave birth to the mathematical part of

The theory of multiple intelligences was developed by Dr. Howard Gardner in 1983. The Theory of Multiple Intelligences is a critique of the standard psychological view of intellect: there is a single intelligence, adequately measured by IQ or other short answer tests. Instead, on the basis of evidence from disparate sources, the theory claims that human beings have a number of relatively discrete intellectual capacities. IQ tests assess linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligence, and sometimes spatial intelligence; they are a reasonably good predictor of who will do well in school. This is because humans have several other significant intellectual capacities (Harvard University).

In theory, people who have bodily-kinesthetic intelligence should learn better by involving muscular movement (e.g. getting up and moving around into the learning experience), and are generally good at physical activities such as sports or dance. They may enjoy acting or performing, and in general they are good at building and making things. They often learn best by doing something physically, rather than by reading or hearing about it. Those with strong bodily-kinesthetic intelligence seem to use what might be termed "muscle memory", drawing on it to supplement or in extreme cases even substitute for other skills such as verbal memory.

If they are not “intelligent,” what allows them to achieve such astounding feats? In general, why does the contemporary construct “intelligence” fail to explain large areas of human endeavor?”(Gardner) Out of my own experience, I attempted to think of myself as being one of those hypothetical “unintelligent to society” people. According to society, math and logic are what defines ultimate intelligence. However, in school mathematics was my weakest subject on tests. So am I considered unintelligent to society? Or is my intelligence, according to Gardner, based upon my dominance of visual creativity—which has been my strongest subject in school, but was never measured with academic testing? In a way, I understand what Gardner is trying to prove to society, as society only defines intelligence by how well a human does academically. However, Gardner proves his point through his scenarios that intelligences are based upon talents, skills, and other capabilities that encompass our entire life, while society restricts our definition of intelligence to be only the academic portion of a human life. And because humans have believed in society’s definition of “intelligence” for so long, people began to define their life capabilities as a different word: talent. But, in actuality, there is no difference between “talent” and “intelligence.” It is just the narrowness of society’s definition of intelligence that makes people believe that “talent” and

Gardner proposes that because these eight types of intelligences are biologically based, they are malleable and therefore “capable of evolving” (Aborn, 2006). Aborn points out that Gardner’s theory is drastically different from many previous widely accepted intelligence philosophies, “such as the Stanford-Binet IQ Test, which is based on…one type of [genetic] intelligence…and [remains] fixed throughout life” (2006, p. 83).

Gardner, intelligence is 1) The ability to create an effective product or offer a service that is valued in a

Howard Earl Gardner is an American developmental psychologist and a Professor of Cognition and Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education at Harvard University. Howard Gardner was born on July 11, 1943 in Scranton, PA to Ralph and Hilde Gardner. He attended Harvard College from 1961 – 1965, graduating with an A.B. in social relations, and studied under the renowned Erik Erikson. He also attended Harvard University from 1966 – 1971. He would go on to obtain his Ph.D. in developmental psychology from Harvard. For his postdoctoral fellowship, Gardner worked alongside Norman Geschwind at Boston Veterans Administration Hospital and continued his work there for another 20 years. Gardner began teaching at the Harvard Graduate School of Education in 1986. Since 1995, much of the focus of his work has been on the Good Work Project, now known as the Good Project.

The theory related in this study is the Gardner’s multiple Intelligences focusing on the “Bodily-Kinesthetic”. The Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences is a psychological theory and the different unrelated forms of intelligences about the eightprimary intelligences proposed by Dr. Howard Gardner last 1983 from his book Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. That includes visual/spatial, verbal/linguistic, logical/mathematical, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalist, existentialist and bodily kinesthetic. In this study the intelligence includes is Bodily Kinesthetic. Gardner (1999) theory defined multiple intelligences as “an account of human cognition in its fullness. The intelligences provided ‘a new definition of human nature, cognitively speaking’ (Gardner, 1999). Human beings are organisms who possess a basic set of intelligences. Stating

Gardner 's theory of multiple intelligences (frames of mind) is based upon two main assumptions. One is that intelligence is not a single concept, as suggested by the idea of general intelligence. Gardner argues human cognition is a set of abilities or skills; which he calls intelligence. Thus, he suggests there are multiple types of intelligence; a pluralist view of the mind. Proposing the wide variety of cognitive abilities humans are capable of need to be considered in relation to intelligence. The seven types of intelligence Gardner claims in his theory; logical- mathematical, linguistic, musical, spatial, bodily- kinaesthetic, interpersonal and intrapersonal, they are autonomous from one another. Gardner explains all individuals have these skills on a basic level, however people differ in ability between each skill. Thus, some educational implications can be made as this suggests some