Annotated Bibliography On Immigration Reform

Illegal immigrants in the United States (US) have long been a topic of debate for policymakers and the public. The rationale about them is that they do not pay taxes; they add to the costs of taxpayers and use up funds in resources meant for assisting citizens and legal immigrants (the legal citizens). Therefore, they are perceived as a threat to the US economy. The true impacts of illegal immigrants on the US economy are discussed by debating over the economic benefits as well as economic costs of these immigrants. The negative impacts, discussed first, presented the decreases in low skilled jobs’ wage rates for legal immigrants and citizens instigated by illegal immigrants, the social services such as educations and healthcare that they

U.S.A Economy: An increasingly vital role. Immigration Policy Focus. Volume 1, Issue 2. PP. 4-16.

Illegal aliens are net consumers of public services and they contribute to economic growth (Immigrants’ Economic Contributions, 2009). Since 1990, immigrants have contributed to job growth in three main ways: They fill an

The first article is entitled “The Economics of U.S. Immigration Policy.” This article was written by Pia M. Orrenius, the Assistant Vice President and Senior Economist in the research department at the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, and Madeline Zavodny, a professor of economics at Agnes Scott College. This article explains that the public has become concerned with the issue of immigration because of the fiscal impacts of immigrants on our labor markets. Orrenius and Zavodny relate a plethora of facts about the economics of

and Texas economies, according to Julian Castro, is that businesses in Texas greatly benefit from the hard work of undocumented immigrants. Saying that as long as there are jobs available, immigrants will find a way to make it to the United States despite any border securities. While some cons of illegal immigration considering the U.S. and Texas economies, according to Dan Patrick, is that it will strain the state budget on education and health care. Some would even say that illegal immigrants are the reasons for job shortages, however some would also say that illegal immigrants would work harder to keep their jobs over

The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) is viewed as one of the most important policy implementations in U.S. immigration history. As drafted, IRCA proposed to be a policy to control and deter all illegal immigration into the U.S., but the policy was truly directed at stopping the flow of Mexican immigrants that continues to be the largest immigration flow in the world. Daniel Tichenor writes in Dividing Lines that, “Originally designed as a restrictive enforcement measure, IRCA proved to be surprisingly expansive in both design and effect.” By identifying the unintended consequences of the law, this paper explores why the policy failed. Ultimately, this paper shows that IRCA

The impact of immigration is a highly controversial topic that gets touched on with the media outlets frequently. With the development of newfound criticism and the rise of popular slogans such as “Immigrants take Jobs,” immigration has become an increasingly prominent economic topic that contains multiple viewpoints and requires discussion. Many economics have noted that alterations in immigration impact a variety of economic policies that make it virtually impossible to make conclusive models on both it’s short-term and long-term effects. Yet, there seems to be agreement that rapid changes such as the ones occurring in our country right now may lead to a decline in economic growth. Therefore, as proposals of reducing legal immigration increase, it has become necessary to view immigration as a serious fiscal issue, that although on the surface may seem to solve a plethora of problems, really doesn’t.

Illegal immigration has been around ever since borders were created to divide the world. The reasons for illegal immigration, stretch from escaping unstable governments, seeking job opportunities, and making money. In the United States, most of the current illegal immigration comes from Mexico and Latin America because of poverty and the lack of jobs (Poroy)(Wilson, Armstrong). The United States provides many cheap labor positions in construction and farming where business owners are looking for immediate workers that will get the job done. Unfortunately, illegal immigrants cost the U.S. government around $11.4 billion to $20.2 billion each year due to the use of America’s goods without paying all their taxes(Amadeo). Fortunately, over the

Mexico was estimated up to 70% from those undocumented workers. (Reiff, 2013) In 2001, Bush and congress hoped to help Mexican immigration to U.S. by the legislation immigration reform but the reform had to hold on since the terrorist attacks in September 11, 2001. In 2005, the U.S. House of Representatives supported the Border Protection and the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act were passed by the Senates in 2006. However, both of these cannot be a law because their contents are a few differences and had conflicts with conference committee. (Nakamura, 2014) In 2009, Barack Obama restarted this comprehensive discussion of immigration reform. In the speech of November 20, 2014, U.S. president Obama stated the current immigration system is broken and summed up the necessary of the immigration reform such as new immigrant families were flout by others, business owners provided the less wages and benefits to undocumented immigrants and most of immigrants only wanted to earn the money, regardless of the responsibilities of living in the U.S., which caused them being apart from the others and society, staying in the dark shadows all the time. (Obama, November 2014) In case of the problem coming worses, President Obama began a series of executive actions to fix the system on immigration. This article introduces some key players in US politics and how their strategies to support

Immigrants, coming in all shapes and sizes, from young and old, to skilled and unskilled, contribute to 17% of the population in Texas, with over 4.7 million men, women, and children Making up more than ⅕ of the labor force, immigrants support and supply local economies by partaking in jobs such as construction, manufacturing, accommodation and food service, retail, healthcare and social assistance. Consequently, emigrants have amplified the Texan economy with tens of billions of dollars and have obtained a spending power of $89.6 billion dollars.

Immigration reform has long been a battle for the United States and its people. One side of the spectrum the American people say, bring more people in and the other side says, enough! Lock the borders! Send them home. So who is right? The complexity of the immigration issue is not easily answered morally, however studies show the economic impact is vastly different in the way we choose to handle this problem. This article explores several economic possibilities if another mass overhaul of immigration like the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act, (IRCA) would legalize the thousands of illegal immigrants, by specifically focusing on the 83,000 unauthorized immigrants in Ohio, then looking broader at the United States entire immigrant population and the economic impact of three proposed ways of handling our immigration problem.

The reforming of America?s immigration policy is something that can no longer be avoided and must be dealt with as soon as possible. Years of neglect by governmental agencies and policies makers have now made this issue one of the biggest in American politics. First of it must be understood that immigration does no only effect curtain areas of the country and curtain aspect of public life but rather all of American life. Both legal and illegal immigration affect major issues such as jobs availability for all citizens, wages, education in public schools system and in general, health care issues, and the homeland security.

Illegal immigration was an issue in the past and is a pressing problem in the present. The U.S. Government has been trying to find a resolution to this issue for years. The United States approved the Immigration Reform and Control Act in 1986, which allowed the American Government to punish American companies that consciously employed illegal immigrants (Nadadur 1037-1052). The United States’ Government Immigration Reform and Control Act has been unsuccessful in controlling illegal immigration. It is estimated that illegal immigration into the U.S. has a yearly interval of three hundred fifty thousand people (Rousmaniere 24-25). It is apparent that the 1986 act was not able to keep a handle on illegal immigration. Illegal immigration

The most avidly debated effects of immigration involve the United States’ economy and labor force. It is estimated that there are 12 million undocumented immigrants in the United States today, and their impact on the economy can be perceived as positive as well as negative. The overall effect is unclear, and this essay will present both sides of the debate.

The U.S. border policies in recent years have all had one thing in common: they fail to stop illegal immigration. In fact, immigration continues to increase prodigiously, especially amongst Mexicans. The United States Census Bureau calculated that Mexican immigration quintupled between 1970 and 1988 (Gibney, 1989). Upwards of nine million immigrants came to the United States in the 1980s, and somewhere between 200,000 and one million enter illegally each year. Fifty-five percent of them are thought to be Mexican nationals (ibid.). Furthermore, if such policies continue to fail, what alternatives should the U.S. pursue? Or as Donato (1994) posits, "Understanding the consequences of immigration policy also entails study of the causes of policy formation." Donato (1994), opines that further research in this area reconciles economic development with sociological insights about migration which should enable practical policy reform (ibid.). All segments of society must be able to fully integrate into U.S. society, which includes political participation.