Annotated Bibliography On Organizational Behavior

Classical organization theory evolved during the first half of this century. It represents the merger of scientific management, bureaucratic theory, and administrative theory.

(Robbins and Millet and Cacioppe and Waters-Marsh, 1998, p.10). An important area within organisational behaviour is motivation.

The biggest problem to a manager is managing employees. This is because employers often do not know how to handle their employees. An effective manager knows that motivation is a difficult skill to acquire. So over the years, many theorist have studied motivation in order to

Organizational behavior is the study on how organizational structures affect behavior of its employees within the organization. Organizational systems is the structure that an organizations uses to organize its functions and assign responsibility to its employees. Organizational behavior in any criminal justice organization is how the superiors and the employees relate

'Motivation is a process that influences the direction, persistence and vigour of goal-directed behaviour. Psychology 's diverse theoretical perspectives views motivation through different lenses. (Passer, Smith, Holt, Bremner, Sutherland, Vliek., 2009, p.475). The psychological motivational theory that I

Lee, L.-E. (2008, July 4). Havard Business Review. Retrieved July 23, 2015, from Havard Business Review: https://hbr.org/2008/07/employee-motivation-a-powerful-new-model

Motivation and theories -------------------------- 2.1. Definition and theory framework ------------------------------------ Motivation can be described as the driving force of individual behaviour to fulfill needs or achieve goals. Mitchell defines motivation as 'the degree to which an individual wants and chooses to engage in certain specified behaviours' (Mullins 2002:418). In terms of this definition, various theories have been developed around.

This report reviews the existing literature in relation to organizational behavior, leadership and motivation. The organizational leadership of Frank Mouttet Limited will be examined in terms of the organizational leadership, and any issues that may arise. The review will be conducted from the point of view of an existing senior manager within the company, so physical observation and access to essential data played key roles in obtaining the required source information for this review. The data obtained will be analyzed using the various organizational behavioral theories to arrive at a conclusion and to make recommendations where necessary.

Osland, et al. (2007) provide a good introduction to three basic motivational content theories. The first theory is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs that proposes man is motivated by a lack in the one or more of the five common needs. The needs that Maslow identifies are physiological, safety, social belonging, self-esteem, and self-actualization. Maslow believed that one fills needs from the most basic (like food and water) to the highest level (self-actualization). Maslow’s ideas are easy to relate to and attempt to provide an all-inclusive approach to the concept of motivation; however, there is little evidence to support the idea that man cannot have self-actualization without the other more basic needs first satisfied. The second content theory Osland, et al. discuss is McCelland’s learned needs. McCelland states that man is motivated by one of three things: achievement, power, or affiliation – or a mixture of the three. Each of these needs can possess a negative or positive connotation or implementation, but it is argued that people motivated by affiliation make better leaders. The third theory presented is McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y. McGregor asserts that Theory X people or employees are inherently lazy and must be controlled and forced to act, whereas Theory Y people are self-controlled, motivated, and ambitious.

Motivation in the workplace is one of the major concerns that managers face when trying to encourage their employees to work harder and do what is expected of them on a day-to-day basis. According to Organizational Behavior by John R. Schermerhorn, James G. Hunt and Richard N. Osborn the definition of motivation is "the individual forces that account for the direction, level, and persistence of a person's effort expended at work." They go on to say that "motivation is a key concern in firms across the globe." Through the years there have been several theories as to what motivates employees to do their best at work. In order to better understand these theories we will apply them to a fictitious organization that has the following

Motivation represents the forces within a person that affect his or her direction, intensity, and persistence of human behaviour in organization (Campbell & Pritchard, 1976, Craig C.Pinder, 1998).Motivation is a psychological process in organization that helps it to increase the productivity, good turnover, achieving target on time, and also provide the job satisfaction to an individual (Luthans &Madauburn, 1998).

Motivation is the desire of doing things, to attain the goals set by the individuals. Motivating Employees is one of the most essential skills that are possessed by the manager, as it relates to the degree in which the employees can be influenced. As Mark Twain (1869) had said, “The secret of getting ahead is getting started.” Motivated employees have an impact on the productivity of the business as the employees channel their energy towards completing the organizational goals. (Marc & Daft, 2012) From many years, different psychologists have studied and provided with many motivational theories over the years. The conclusion that is reached by them is that motivation is a problem. The workforce is a ‘big asset’ of the company, so they are ‘only source of competitive advantage’ that makes them different from their competition. (Wilson, 2009)

Theories can never be proven, only supported or rejected. Although there are many theories of motivation, there are only a few that I feel can be relevant and valuable in the work setting. Before settling on a theory to use to assist with the creation of my specific theory of motivation, I wanted to get a better understanding of some of the most well-known motivational theories. Throughout my research I’ve noticed a common trend in the motivational theories and how they are applied. Many theories such as McClelland’s Needs Theory (1961), Maslows’ Hierarchy of Needs Theory (1954), and

4. 3 Major Types of Motivation Theories  Content Theories of Motivation WHAT motivates us  Process

Motivation is one of the most discussed topics in the present era’s organisations, especially since renowned psychologists like Maslow and Herzberg are dedicating their efforts to understanding it. Companies are investing a significant amount of resources in improving productivity in order to maximise profits. One of these important resources is of human nature. In order to get the very best out of employees, some motivational approaches need to be used. But what is motivation and how do I successfully motivate? I will try to relate one of my personal experiences with a friend to some of the most influential motivational theories. After introducing my story and making a definition of motivation I will address the ideas of Taylor,