Assess The Difference Between Proper Memory Storage And Retrieval

Memory has the ability to encode, store and recall information. Memories give an organism the capability to learn and adapt from previous experiences as well as build relationships. Encoding allows the perceived item of use or interest to be converted into a construct that can be stored within the brain and recalled later from short term or long term memory. Working memory stores information for immediate use or manipulation which is aided through hooking onto previously archived items already present in the long-term memory of an individual.

* Tip- of-the-tongue phenomenon- when you know certain information but have difficulty being able to recall it.

Sight words are words that students are encouraged to memorize so when he or she sees the word pattern, he or she automatically recognize the word. According to Kane, sight words are great for students to learn in early reading, but decoding skills must be taught as well (Kane, 2). This is one reason why students need to learn to decode words. The FISH strategy has the students find the rime in the word. A rime is the first vowel and the rest of the word. Once they have found the rime, then he or she can hook the onset to the rime. An onset is the beginning sound of the word. The student will be able to hear and identify each sound of the word by following the FISH

The ability to communicate valuable information in text is crucial. Abrams (2008), author of Tip-of-the-Tongue States Yield Language Insights, establishes a purpose to explore cognitive processes that allow pop-up resolutions and documentations of changes in these processes with healthy aging. This hypothesis is derived from the idea that an older adult will have more tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) experiences when compared to a younger population. A TOT state is a temporary inability to recall a known word at a given moment (Abrams, 2008). In this article, the author intends to establish an overview of research done with younger and older adults to determine the differences between populations as well as discuss

They would have to remember what was previously presented, and recall the words to complete the word list.

This investigation explores the topic of Forgetting, with specific focus on the Tip-Of-Tongue Phenomenon (TOT). Forgetting refers to the inability to access or recover information previously stored in memory (Grivas 2013). This can occur because there is interference from competing material, there is some underlying motivation to not remember, or the right retrieval cues are not used (Grivas 2013). A retrieval cue is any stimulus that assists the process of locating and recovering information stored in memory; these cues are often what trigger the information an individual is trying to remember (Grivas 2013). When the right retrieval cues cannot be accessed when retrieving information from the Long Term Memory (LTM), the TOT phenomenon is accentuated.

In conclusion, the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon is an experience that happens to everyone sometime during his or her life. Trying to recall a word can be frustrating, but with the help of phonological indicators, word retrieval can be possible. Our lexicon, or word bank is filled with tens of thousands of words that we learn over time, so difficulty trying to retrieve the “right” word from our bank advocates that there are so many words that could fit one category and the one we are trying to retrieve is at the tip-of-our-tongue. The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon is associated with lexical retrieval failure because it is an event where a word could not be recalled to finish a thought. The study by Badecker et. al (2011), supports the idea of lexical retrieval failure in that individuals who have trouble recalling words have an idea of what they want to say but cannot retrieve the word.

Not being able to focus on what I’m being told, thus I’m not able to remember it later.

The tip-of-the-tongue (or TOT) phenomenon is the inability to retrieve a specific word, while typically knowing quite a lot of information about it. In recent years, experimental psychologists interested in human memory have studied the TOT phenomenon in the hope of better understanding why this mental process is interrupted as well as any useful techniques for overcoming it. This paper describes two sets of experiments held at separate American universities. The first set of experiments investigates which phonological components are capable of facilitating word retrieval. The second assesses how often a group of subjects could retrieve rare target words on the basis of their definition alone, while simultaneously comparing semantic and phonological cues for the target words.

In our daily lives, we make slips of the tongue as well. Sometimes we realize

III)Ian Neath, James S. Nairne (1995) suggested that Memory is worse for items that take longer to pronounce, even when the items are equated for frequency, number of syllables, and number of phonemes.

Fay and Cutler argue that the reason for there being only one mental lexicon for word production and word comprehension is that, much like a dictionary, words are listed in accordance to their phonological sound and semantic meaning in the dictionary, therefore they are listed the same way in an individuals mind (Fay and Cutler, 1977, p. 505 ). Thus, meaning being closely related to sound in an individuals lexicon, the comprehension of a word is retrieved phonologically and each sound relates to a particular meaning, therefore when an individual hears the beginning of a phonological sound, the list in their mental lexicon retrieves the closest sounding word in relation to the word semantically produced, even though the word has no semantic relation in accordence to its meaning (Fay and Cutler, 1977, p. 506 ). In other words, the target word an individual searches for in

lexical borrowing. Lexical borrowing is the result of lack of a lexical terms in the speakers

Human information processing refers to the mental process of human that can be compared with the operations of a computer. The information comes from the environment is stored briefly, some is selected for additional processing. The mental process can be interpreted as information processing through the system in a series of stages one step at a time. The primary approach to cognitive psychology today is information processing. Atkinson-Shiffrin theory became the standard model. It stated how the information from the environment can be stored in long-term memory through sensory memory and short-term memory.

Have you ever had a word on the tip of your tongue but just cannot seem to grasp the entire word, only remembering as little as the first letter? This happens to many people and is actually one of “The Seven Sins of Memory”. Blocking is when the brain tries to obtain information, but another memory interferes with it and is the main cause of tip of the tongue phenomenon. The sound of the word is programmed in the brain apart from where its meaning is. Therefore, when you are attempting to figure out a word but cannot seem to remember it, it is most likely because the links between each other are weak. A person can remember everything about this word and its meaning, but will not be capable of getting it out. In addition, this mostly happens when we are searching for a word we do not often use.