SIMULATION FOREGROUND READING
Back Bay Battery, Inc.
Overview
The battery industry is enormous, with worldwide revenues of approximately $45 billion. It is highly fragmented with at least 20 major manufacturers in each technology segment. Because of the wide range of applications of batteries, companies have tended to specialize in a particular technology or market application. Disposable batteries, such as the widely available carbon-zinc and alkaline cells, are available in standard sizes such as AA, C, and D, and they are a fast-moving consumer-good category with emphasis on manufacturing efficiency and scale, marketing and branding, and distribution efficiency.
One of the earliest forms of rechargeable battery was the wet
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Interestingly, battery makers have tended to focus in relatively narrow product segments and technologies. Disposable-battery makers have typically not become major players in rechargeables, and rechargeable-battery manufacturers tended to stick with a particular technology or product focus
(laptop computers, mobile phones, portable power tools, etc.)
Back Bay Battery, Inc., in 2012
Back Bay Battery is one of over 20 major manufacturers of NiMH batteries. The field is crowded, but manufacturers have been riding rising a tide of demand from consumers for portable electrically powered devices.
Though the technology is relatively mature, the company is anticipating continuing strong volume-growth rates, primarily due to rapid consumer adoption. The worldwide market is projected to grow at 9.0%. Pricing pressure is significant, though, as more East Asian competitors continue to drive commoditization of NiMH cells. Back Bay’s sales manager has learned to track the market pricing closely, as being out of step with the market can cause dramatic market share changes in a relatively short time.
Li-ion batteries have pretty much replaced NiMH in the market for laptop computer batteries.
The first commercial Li-ion battery was produced by Sony in 1991. Li-ion batteries are favored for mobile devices because they can store a high density of energy for a given weight. They can be fabricated in many shapes,
The industry is dominated by a few large companies. For example, the A&D industry is dominated by the top players
That is, the fastest date to launch this product is in 1988. Three years is enough for the company’s competitors to react to their new projects. Also, in high tech communication devices industry, the products’ life cycles are usually very short, some products may out of dates within only few years. Therefore, this is a very serious issue that the company should be focus on.
Only later in the second year did I learn that self-discharge was also a very important feature (specifically to the Power Packs market).
While lithium batteries are not specifically included or exempted in the hazardous waste regulations, these batteries have some characteristics of toxic hazardous wastes. The reason for the uncertainty regarding the toxic characteristics of lithium batteries is because they can be effectively disposed as non-hazardous waste by discharging them fully. When completely charged or partially discharged, lithium batteries can be regarded as reactive hazardous waste due to the considerable amounts of un-reacted lithium in the battery ("Product Sheet", 2007).
The Back Bay battery simulation presents the managers with a dilemma of choosing between an established, profitable product and a new innovative opportunity. The decision has to be taken through investments in R&D and also make sales forecast for the coming year. Even though, the main aim of this exercise was to generate maximum profit but it actually is a way of analysing complex information and making decisions with the help of news flash updates about current trends amidst unstable market conditions. During the duration of eight years, a balance has to be established between a profitable stable product and an innovative product while keeping in mind the objective of generating maximum cumulative profit.
Companies can choose many ways to set prices, skimming price strategy where a company sets a higher price than normal and a penetrating price where low initial price is set. “Pricing
Market leaders: Duracel and Energizer (80% market share) adaptation to consumer needs and valuable negotiating power with retailers
There’s an old pricing related joke that goes like this: A customer walks into a deli asking for the cost of a dozen bagels. The proprietor responds with $5.50. The prospective customer responds, "but the deli down the street sells a dozen bagels for $4.50". "Why don’t you buy the bagels there," the proprietor asks. "He’s out of bagels today," the customer replies. The proprietor retorts, "When I’m out of bagels, I’ll also sell you a dozen for $4.50". The customer pays $5.50 and receives the 12 bagels. Not only did the proprietor of the store know his competitor’s pricing, but he also knew the market price, as well as his competitor’s product inventory status.
In oligopoly market, each firm has substantial market power with high degree of interdependence. The key for success in a oligopoly market is to gain more market share than the competitors. Increasing the price can lead to loss of market share to the competitors, so in the oligopoly market, if a firm decreases the price, the other firms will always follow, but if a firm increase the price, the other firms will not follow. The demand curve is kinked.
The strategy for setting a product’s price often has to be changed when the product is part of a product mix. In this case, the firm looks for a set of prices that maximizes its profits on the total product mix. Pricing is difficult because the various products have related demand and costs and face different degrees of competition.
Battery pack: Over a lot of years the company has tested a huge number of batteries regarding the performance features. The company incorporated internal battery cell testing lab and also accumulated the database of extensive performance of the lithium ion vendors and chemistry types.
High pricing from the competitors create a pricing war by driving down the profit margins when increasing the market share.
Thus, it would increase the demand for low price batteries, giving a competitive advantage to big players such as Rayovac and Energizer whose prices are lower than Duracell.
ChargePoint has 31,000+ connected charging points. It has managed to provide quality service which leads to 98% renewal rate. This means 98% repeating customers.
Price, which is one of the most important elements of the marketing mix, can be difficult to get right. Pricing too high, or low, can negatively impact on customer satisfaction and revenue. Adopting a pricing strategy is necessary to achieve desired sales objectives (Chan & Wong 2005).