Building Finance And Operate For Procuring A Major Public Sector Project

Utilizing public funds to invest in megaprojects has been a contentious topic for many cities who are tempted to endure years, if not decades, of construction and billions of dollars of debt to hopefully experience some economic and social advantages that other megaprojects have brought to fortunate cities and areas. However, from studies and research, it seems that megaprojects have higher likeliness to fail and bring economic turmoil to cities and areas that take the risk. Unless protocol for how such projects and associated contractors are held accountable improve, using public resources to fund megaprojects should cease. Too often does it occur that the burden of megaprojects falls on taxpayers where such funding could have been used for

The following section will show the ratios and percentages figured by using these two companies’ financial statements. A comparison will be used to compare the companies to one another. People will always needs cars to get around whether it’s for education, work or tourism. By comparing these companies we will know which company maybe the best to invest and to determine which companies will survive in the future. Take a look at Table 1 below as it provides a full listing of

4. What kind of debt (agency debt, bank debt, or Rule 144a bonds) should the sponsors of the project use to fund the deal? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each kind of debt? In your view will project bonds receive an investment grade rating? What is the“weakest link” of the project? How can they improve the likelihood of getting an investment grade?

Public Private Partnership or PPP is a subject being given the increasing attention that it has been receiving in context of the sweeping changes in India's economic policies. We are all aware, along with the dismantling of the license permit raj a greater role is envisaged for the private sector in these new policies. Now it seems that, the private sector is not only to be facilitated in its growth, but there it can be taken on board as a partner by the government in the provision of public services. This of course, is the purpose of PPP. For those of us who have had a long innings in Government, such thinking represents a paradigm shift from the way things were always done.

A privately financed project was a specified from of PPP that involved not only private sector financing but also controlling ownership. PFPs differed. From the outsourcing or construction by the government. There has been widespread adoption by Governments across the world of Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) as a way of providing public infrastructure. Grimsey and Lewis report that the UK version of PPPs,

The need for financial stringency in public organizations due to budgetary pressures and tax resistance coupled with the need to Managing /balancing budget deficits and provide quality services with a reduction in revenue has always been a major challenge for public organizations. The need to save money and at the same time provide quality services, had forced government agencies to privatize and contract out. Recently, there is greater involvement of the private and nonprofit sector in public service delivery. More and more government functions in service delivery are now carried out by private and nonprofit organization. This is one part attributed to the belief that private organizations can provide services more efficiently and effectively than government operated services. And the other is the fact that it is cost effective and takes a lesser time frame. These two process are indeed unarguably beneficial to the government and private sector as well as the beneficiaries, but they can be also very daunting accompanied with huge challenges especially when not executed in the rightful manner. The case of the crummy contractor by Rainey depicts such a complex situation , where the process of contracting out was poorly conducted. The case highlights the demand for privatization and contracting-out and most importantly some of the challenges of privatization and contracting in government organization. it goes on further to identify some crucial pointed to be

The PAP was reviewed annually with a view to identify measures to expedite the implementation of the programme and to determine the entities to be privatised in the following two years. The PAP was guided by a study undertaken by private consultants who were commissioned by the government to review the advisability of privatising government-owned entities (GOEs).

Around the world, long-term franchises for infrastructure facilities are usually referred to as BOT projects, because under this type of contractual agreement the private sector builds, operates, and eventually transfers to government the facility in question. When a lease of the underlying land is involved, this type of arrangement is sometimes called Lease-Develop-Operate (LDO); in this case the “transfer” back to government is implicit approach is widely used for several reasons. First, it taps into a different pool of capital than is normally available for public infrastructure projects, thereby expanding the range of potential funding sources. Second, private consortia are often able to design and build large facilities in significantly less time than is possible via traditional government procurement methods. Third, both the up-front cost and the operating costs may be

The structure of a project’s financing depends on the industry the transaction is taking place, the underlying business model and in particular the allocation of risks and responsibilities between the individual partners (Weber & Alfen, 2010).

There however are challenges in the industry occasioned by uncertainty on future spending on construction projects by the government. Moreover, the cost of doing business and the ability to increasingly make revenue have created a challenging environment for the construction firms. Therefore stakeholders in the construction industry are concerned with whether the government would increase its spending and whether the public construction projects will be available in the future since less than 10 percent are currently financing their clients.

PFI was a means through which the private sector finances major infrastructure projects by lending to the public sector. Operational risk for the infrastructure is passed over to the private sector.1994 - Private Finance panel.

Based on the strategic view the top management they start in 2003 initiation phase with high level planning like getting the approval from board of directors, estimate the total budget of the project and reserve the amount from the Government budget. However according to the Project manager interview he has mentioned that one of the most important challenges is the delay of financial support from finance side because it requires a lot of process, procedures and justification to get them support your project efficiently.

Project finance transactions are typically either (i) limited recourse, where lenders do not assume the entire financial risk of the project and instead rely on mechanisms such as completion guarantees or parent guarantees, or (ii) non-recourse, where the revenues generated from the project and the project’s assets repay the indebtedness owed to the lenders. In addition to providing funds to complete new projects, the scope of project finance also allows project companies to expand existing projects or refinance existing indebtedness on existing projects at more favorable terms.

The existing of various risks and financial limitation always holds the government back during initiating new infrastructure projects. Therefore, it is important for developing country like Malaysia to practice PPP as it can help the government to save resources by share the risks to the private sector for unfamiliar projects (Hodge & Greve, 2007). In general, there are two significant advantages of implementing PPP compare to the traditional procurement. First is reduce the government budget on infrastructure project and spend in other government policies priority. Second is better value for money in constructing public infrastructure and facilities (Bing, Akintoye, Edwards, & Hardcastle, 2005). This can be archive due to the use of private funding in PPP project. The availability of private funding given government new capacity to provide the infrastructure faster and enhance services delivery to the society.

In 2008 a new BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer) law was passed as Kuwait recognized the requirement to attract foreign investors and start the development plan. BOT is the method through which private sector would be involved in mega projects under the Kuwait development plan. The new law was a model of PPP according to which, the private investors would build and operate for a fixed time frame and benefit from the revenue streams. In Kuwait time frame was usually 20-40 years after which it would be transferred to the government. Despite all the optimism, the government did not sign any BOT contracts and 31.4% projects or $61.2 billion worth of projects were held or called off. Promises by the ministers and senior officials became a routine in the media with the private investors frustrated in investing. The main challenges facing private investment in