Case Study: Early Intervention

Hallucinations and delusions can become a frightening and common part of the illness. In John’s case, there is no exception. He believes he hears voices trying to convince him that people are plotting against him and trying to control him, especially the government (video 1). Though John’s personality at one time was easy going, his illness has taken over and the hallucinations and delusions have made him violent towards people who try to get close to him emotionally. John’s illness refuses to let him trust anyone. John once had a wife and fathered four children, but due to his paranoia, he has disconnected and withdrawn from life, including any relationships with others. John does not acknowledge his four children, but instead, he now insists he never fathered any of the children (video 1).

According to Dr. David Sackett (1996) Evidence Based Practice (EBP) is “the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of the individual patient. It means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research.”

|John, a recent college graduate, has been struggeling to find a job |It appears that John is exhibiting symptoms of level 5 Mental |

The peak age at onset for the first psychotic episode is the early- to mid-20s for males, as Martin’s case. The onset may be abrupt or insidious, but most people manifest a slow and gradual development of a variety of clinically significant signs and symptoms. The effect of age at onset is likely related to gender, with males having worse premorbid adjustment, lower educational achievement, more prominent negative symptoms and cognitive impairment, and in general a worse outcome.

The most recent data collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) shows that 1 in 68 children are diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) (CDC, 2014). Children diagnosed with ASD often have difficulty with functional performance in several key areas including; social participation, communication, school based activities, motor performance and play. These impairments in functional performance are not exclusive to the child alone as the caregiver often assumes a great deal of burden in managing the symptoms of a child with ASD. Furthermore, these difficulties along with the rising diagnosis rate has pushed ASD to the forefront of clinical research and has raised issues regarding which Ayres

There is not one treatment intervention that will solve all issues. Therefore, we have to be able to evaluate each situation uniquely. Treatment intervention can involve the use of prescription drugs in order to limit the outcomes of any condition. Good interventions include good monitoring procedures, follow-ups, and support. One treatment that works for an individual may not necessarily work for the next person. The purpose of the intervention is to break a negative cycle that has become destructive to an individual. Most of the individuals that undergo an intervention will begin with a slight condition of denial. The chemical dependency on any type of drug can be detrimental to an individual and his or her family. The situation in case one, dealing with the 18 year old high school student, would be an appropriate person to implement into a treatment intervention because he will need the additional support and medical support in order to overcome his addiction.

Once hospitalized, SC was enrolled in the Early Psychosis Intervention (EPI) Program. This pilot provides timely treatment for individuals under 25 who are newly diagnosed, or have untreated psychosis (Vancouver Coastal Health, 2016). SC met these criteria. EPI is based on the idea that if psychosis is recognized and treated early, interventions can limit the potential for ongoing negative consequences (BC Early Psychosis Intervention Program, 2016). Although this was SC’s fourth hospitalization, this was her first time on the EPI. By not being treated effectively on her first admission, her chances of success were reduced. A substantial barrier for EPI is a client’s delay, or refusal to access services (BC Schizophrenia Society, 2012). SC had not been ready to accept treatment during previous admissions. Lappin et al. (2016) also argue that there needs to be available services specifically for young adults early in their illness that also have particular interventions for drug related psychosis. This addictions component is not specifically addressed in the current EPI model. However, it specifically targets young adults.

Ontario Early Years Center is a non-profit child development organization that advocates for all children. Located in any community in Ontario. Their goal is to strive to nurture, stimulate, and educate all children from birth to 6 years of age while supporting families with programs and information to help create healthy, positive and contributing citizens. These centers were established in 2002 and were supported by the Ministry of Child and Youth Services. Up until April 2014, when the responsibility was transferred to the Ministry of Education. All programs are free of charge and are funded by the Ministry of Education that allows access for all parents and children.

Ms. Choi indicated that the marriage continued to deteriorate. The mother stated that she became unhappy with his behavior. The arguments between the parents became more intense and violent. Ms. Choi reported in 2009, the father continued to be physically abusive towards her.

Antonio is very loving towards his daughter Anessa and is happy she is enrolled in daycare. Antonio picks Anessa up after daycare and takes the child to his home in Somerville. Anessa spends some nights with Antonio and will at times go back with her mother at night. Antonio has appropriate space for Anessa and the home is clean and free of hazards. I have observed Anessa with Antonio and his interaction is appropriate. Antonio agreed to the Early Intervention screening and was present during the evaluation process. Michelle Sharp from the Guidance Center reported Antonio asked thoughtful and inquisitive questions and appeared to have a good understanding of things Anessa should be doing given her age of 1 year.

I am New Beginnings current Treasurer and Chairman of the Board. I would like the people of New Beginnings to allow me to continue to serve you in one of the positions on the board of directors. I am one of the original founding members of New Beginnings when we formed in 2004.

I will discuss these factors with the child’s parents in order to design an intervention program with the most current, appropriate, and effective evidence-based interventions. Additionally, I plan to include caregiver education on various treatment options (behavior plans and other treatments), community support system and other resources. That will lead to modifying the child’s maladaptive behaviors through the use of positive reinforcements such as praise, and tangible rewards and decrease unwanted behavior through time out, and removal of privileges to improve occupation-based outcome

Therapy and open communication foster confidence and clarity for one’s emotions. John going to therapy will hopefully prevent an even larger mental illness problem that could continue if not addressed. As said on page 84 of the Social Problems textbook, “The recent data also reveals that an untreated mental disorder can lead to a more severe, more difficult to treat illness and to the development of co- occurring mental illnesses. At the tender age of nine, it is crucial that drugs are not the first option when treating conditions, otherwise the child will grow up thinking there is a drug to solve all ailments. This thinking will not allow the child to truly process his experiences and conditions, but instead repress their feelings with a quick solution. After reading the two web pages about how abuse and neglect factor into ADHD diagnosis, I think John’s behavior is a result of abuse. ADHD symptoms certainly can be derived from

The last intervention, we will use is meditation. There are many different forms of meditation such as yoga, tai-chi, walking and Autogenic training. Their cognitive development will also improve with the work of meditation. Adolescents go through a lot of stress and stress can hurt their health outcomes. With meditation as something we do in our sessions and possibly at home their stress could be reduced. The staff will communicate with the parents about stress at home and how that can have a negative impact on their child who is trying to get better. The young adult’s life and environment need to have very little stress so they may improve their health. With an intervention like meditation, they will be able to relax and calm down if anything

There were two primary themes within this study. The first consisted of intervention type with the second being location. The interventions in the study were either based in behaviorism that were often used as a parent-mediated intervention focus with the child or followed a parent training–coaching model that often used a more child-directed approach (Kuhaneck et al, 2015). The studies took place in a rehabilitation center, educational center or in the home of the individuals. Each form of intervention was studied in each of the locations in order to achieve various outcomes. A few of the studies were a combination of center-based programming and home programs. Parent training, education, or coaching, either alone or in combination with a