Color Affect Plant Growth

This experiment is designed to test the allelopathy of two different treatments, Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus cinerea) and Lemon (Citrus limon). The two treatments will be tested on radish seeds (Raphanus sativus) to investigate the effect of the treatments on the germination of the radish seeds. Allelopathy is the beneficial or harmful effects that one plant has on another plant by the release of chemicals. Allelopathy studies the interactions among plants, fungi, algae and bacteria with the organisms living in a certain ecosystem, interactions that are mediated by the secondary metabolites produced and exuded into the environment (Francisco A Macías, José MG Molinillo, Rosa M Varela, Juan CG Galindo 2007). The plants use

The purpose of this experiment is to observe the effects of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) on the germination rate of Wisconsin Fast Plants.

Modern farming and agricultural operations contribute to the degradation and contamination of our environment as well as the neighboring ecosystems. Fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, animal manure and other Argo-chemicals are rich in chemical nutrients and toxic substances which are often the major sources of agricultural pollution. The use of these various types of products can affect water quality when it rains, and the contaminated soils and water is washed into the waters or into ground waters. These chemicals can also be absorbed by plants which are then consumed by animals and even humans, harmful to animal and human health. There are many causes of this pollution.

Typically, as nature starts the transformation process from summer to fall, the green leaves on the trees begin to change into colors of reds, golds, browns, and oranges. Eventually, the leaves fall off the trees onto the ground. Three factors contribute to the change in leaf color according to USDA’s Northeastern Area Forest Service website, which include leaf pigments, length of night, and weather. The increasing length of night and other ecological influences such as the temperature, rainfall, and food supply trigger the biochemical process of the leaves (na.fs.fed.us). Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of the leaves. A chloroplast is a type of plant cell organelle known as a plastid. Plastids support the storing of the needed ingredients for energy production. A chloroplast contains a green pigment called chlorophyll which is the agent that gives leaves their green color. Chlorophyll is important to the photosynthesis process as it is the chemical reaction that facilitates plants to use sunlight to produce sugars for their food (biology.about.com). During the emergent season, chlorophyll is repetitively produced and broken down, which causes the leaves to appear green in color. As the nights grow longer, the production of chlorophyll diminishes and eventually ceases production. Depending on the type of plant, as the chlorophyll becomes dormant, the color of the leaves begins to change to reds, browns, yellows, and oranges (na.fs.fed.us).

Plants are one of the most complex organisms; how they grow is very complex and it is important to see how they grow to even how they die. We first had to propose a question and test it to see if it was profound enough to test. Our group decided to see how different chemical substances affect radish plants, and which substance will kill the plant fastest. We planted 8 germinated radish seeds, then put ammonia in 2 of the plants, vinegar in 2 other plants, put both vinegar and ammonia in 2 other plants, and had the

This suggests that the roadsides was once beautiful and bloomed with healthy and lively vegetation; however, they are now destroyed due to the use of pesticides. From these examples, it can be shown that even though pesticide is beneficial, its deadly effects outweigh its benefits; in addition, it is a dangerous substances to the environment, organisms, and even human.

The chemical pesticides used in farming affect the quality of water because of run off which then go into lakes or rivers. In chapter four, Carson concentrates on the water pollution caused by pesticides. The pollution can be unsafe for use and causes fish to die. An example used is a study done by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service in 1960 that showed that “our waters have become almost universally contaminated with insecticides.” (pg.41) The pesticides are especially threatening to groundwater which is an important source of drinking water for humans. Consequently, the chemicals in pesticides can cause cancer and other harm effects on our health. Another issue is that the pesticides in water and can mix with other chemicals and become a new chemical. Therefore, it can lead to the creation of an unknown chemical with harmful

This experiment demonstrates the effects of pH on the rate of photosynthesis by examining the behavior of leaf disks in different pH solutions under light. In this experiment, we used five different pH levels: pH 5, pH 6, pH 7, pH 8 and pH 9. These solutions were created using a combination of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. Spinancia olcerea or spinach, leaves were used in the experiment to examine the effects of pH on the rate of photosynthesis. The rate of photosynthesis was measured by counting the number of leaf disks that rose to the surface of the solution after each minute. In acidic solutions, the rate of photosynthesis increased while in basic solutions, the rate of photosynthesis decreased.

For this experiment, my group had several leaves of spinach and hole punched 40 disks out of the spinach leaf. In order to avoid any bias results, we made sure to avoid hole punching any veins in the spinach. After that we filled 4 cups each with 100 milliliters of carbon water. Each cup would have a different amount of salinity, the first cup would be the control group which would have no salt in it. The second cup would have ¼ of a teaspoon of salt in it, the third cup would have ½ of a teaspoon of salt in it, and the fourth cup would have ¾ of a teaspoon of salt in it.

It is also shown that pesticides are partly responsible for the rising cancer rates and birth defects among children (“Pesticides”).

Exhibit A.01 is a scientific study on the Phytotoxicity of several pre- and post emergent herbicides on container grown palms. The study was conducted by Henry Donselman and Timothy K. Broschat at the Ft. Lauderdale Research and Education Center. The readers focus should be experiment two (the highlighted region). Experiment two was conducted by

One concern about pesticides and herbicide usage is the amount of residues left on the end product of crops sprayed with the chemicals, and their effects on human health. (Williamson, 2007, p. 184). However, these effects are closely tested and levels are strictly regulated to ensure there is no danger from possible pesticide residues. Since 1910, many rules, regulations, and agencies have been formed to monitor the safety of the pesticides and herbicides used in conventional farming. These chemicals must meet specific safety standards in order to be registered for use, and regulations on levels of each product safe for use are also put in place. (Tafel et al.,2007, p.184). All pesticides are rigorously examined to ensure they have no significant effects on human health, or the environment. The residues in the food chain are closely monitored, and regularly tested, to ensure they are below legal limits. In a recent survey of residues

situation cannot be fair when chemicals are used. Humans today expect that when they kill a plant

A plant is any of the boundless number of living beings within the biological kingdom Plantae, these species are considered of low motility since this species generally generate their own food by sunlight. They incorporate a large group of commonplace life forms including trees, forbs, bushes, grasses, vines, plants, and greeneries. In this task we are experimenting the relationship between light and plant growth by growing plants in three different lights which are red light, blue light and white light. As I stated above that plants generate their own food by sunlight. Sunlight can be broken up by a prism into respective colors of red, blue, orange, yellow, green, indigo, violet and white. All this lights have specific

The plants that grow in saline soils have diverse ionic compositions and a range in concentrations of dissolved salts (Volkmar et al., 1998). These concentrations fluctuate because of changes in water source, drainage, evapo-transpiration, and solute availability (Volkmar et al., 1998). Due to these varying conditions, plant growth depends on a supply of inorganic nutrients, and this level of nutrients varies in time and space (Maathius and Amtmann, 1999). Either extreme condition concerning nutrients results in deficiency or toxicity in plants, and this is demonstrated by salt tolerance (Maathius and Amtmann, 1999). These conditions vary according to the plant species and growth conditions. Little is known about the genetic basis for diversity of salt tolerance in plants, and this could be partly explained through the definitions given for salinity.