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Diabetes Of Diabetes Mellitus ( Dm )

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Introduction:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar levels over an extended period of time. With symptoms including increased urination, thirst, and hunger, diabetes is mainly due to loss of insulin production in the pancreas or lack of response to insulin produced. As of 2015, nearly 415 million people worldwide have diabetes with the three main types being Type 1, Type 2, and gestational. 90% of all diabetes cases are Type 2 (T2D) which is characterized by insulin resistance, high blood sugar, and lack of insulin. Also known as noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), this disease is primary caused by obesity and lack of exercise in genetically predisposed people and affects in nearly 29 million people in the US alone, making it the 7th leading cause of death in the country (American Diabetes Association 2016).
The goal of a diabetes treatment plan is lowering HbA1c to below 7.0%, maintaining good glycemic control. Glycated hemoglobin or HbA1c is a blood sugar test that reflects the average plasma glucose concentration over the past three months. The first and best course of treatment is always lifestyle changes that includes exercise, diet modification, and weight control. Unfortunately, when this management plan fails or is insufficient, the next option is to take medications to lower HbA1c. Five non-insulin pharmacological options are available. First, biguanides in the form of metformin are quick

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