Dissonant Music

The study that will be replicated is the study done by Nantais and Schellenberg (1999), which was a follow-up study for Rauscher’s experiment (1993, 1995), who’s aim was to conduct a study in which to test whether music and spatial task performance are casually related. The aim of Nantais and Schellenberg’s study was to replicate and extend the basic findings of Rauscher et al which were that participants who listened to Mozart before taking a spatial ability test did better than those who sat in silence, also known as the Mozart effect. Nantais and Schellenberg expected that the performance on a spatial-temporal task was better after participants listened to a piece composed by Mozart or by Schubert than after the participants sat in

Music is interpreted differently from around the world but to me, music is motivational and inspiring. It’s a way to express emotions and a language that cannot be put into words. Music creates an avenue for empathy and a new understanding and it is part of my lifestyle. Music always gives you company when you are bored or in the shower. It gives a meaning and purpose to life. Music is important because it is the key to creativity.

Berthold Auerbach once said, “Music washes away, from the soul, the dust of everyday life”. No one really knows when music first appeared in this world, but we do know that music has been among us for a very long time. Some define music as a bunch of notes put together to make a song, but I say it is so much more than that. Music is a way to tell stories, share emotions, a way to bring people together. It is part of who we are as people. It is in our culture, our religion, and it defines us. It helps us remember the many wonderful memories from our past and helps us imagine an amazing future. So you see, it is important to make music a part of your life.

External sources always deliver even the slightest of effects on one’s mental abilities. In the case of classical music, numerous experiments reveal constant proof of improved focus, improved memory, and improved Intelligence Quotients. Neurological research demonstrates that one’s IQ can significantly improve through the experience of classical music, specially Mozart’s compositions. Such music is bound to enhance focus and generate an atmosphere for concentration. It removes possible barriers of disruption, allows our attentiveness to remain in tact for a longer period of time, and permits information to remain efficiently retentive.

The participants who multitasked completed more tasks; this result contradicted the third hypothesis. It was noted that the participants that completed the easy task first had completed more tasks. In the email task, which included the reading comprehension task, there was a large difference between the control group and the classical music group. The participants in the classical music group scored a lower correctly completing the email task. Although there was no statistical significance on the second hypothesis, the data showed that there was an increase in reaction time in the music group when compared to the control group. The classical music group, however, had a higher increased reaction time than the popular music. The authors believe that the participants were more familiar with the popular music than with the classical song. The participants were able to desensitize a subject from the popular songs, but were distracted with the classical

Prior to each learning phase, the experimenter played three minutes of music: before the first learning phase, the experimenter played three minutes of the song Eine Klein Nacht Musik by Mozart; before the second learning phase, the experimenter played three minutes of the song Adagietto by Mahler. For each learning phase, four 12-word lists were presented on a projector. The words used for the learning phases were taken from the study conducted by Roediger and McDermott (1995). Participants used a computer program called Top Hat to complete the memory

This experiment will deal with working memory, the system that is responsible for the holding and processing of information for reasoning, comprehension and learning. Memory is important to psychology because it can be affected or damaged by a number of factors, The study we are replicating specifically deals with the effects of classical music on working memory. In dealing with the effect of music on memory, Psychologists Alan Baddeley and Graham Hitch’s 1974 working memory model will come into play.

What is music? Where did it originate from? Will music is essential to many of our lives. We don't really know when music began but music references in various religious texts to signing and making music. Music has effect on the human brain and how we feel and how we act. The goosebumps from a scary moments in a horror film, the catchy tune that gets you up and dancing. Overall music is everywhere we go and it's part of our culture. Music is everywhere and its affects people in different ways.

One experiment, conducted by Jäncke, randomly assigned participants to five groups to gauge whether background instrumental music or vocal music influenced learning differently. It was concluded that type of music did not affect learning in different ways (Jäncke, Brügger, Brummer, Scherrer, & Alahmadi, 2014). However, other studies have shown vocal music specifically is adverse to memory retention. In an experiment conducted by Anderson, the effect of lyrical music on the reading comprehension abilities of students was measured. The researchers determined that listening to lyrical music is a distraction and is detrimental to a student’s learning and test taking abilities (Anderson & Fuller,

While our study was built only to detect an effect of music-dependant memory on immediate recall, it would be interesting to see if results changed after two days, as seen in Smith (1985) and Balch et al. (1992) or when testing the participants on recall after a week, as can be seen in Roediger & Karpicke (2005), or perhaps longer. When you consider the effect of remembering childhood memories when hearing a song from that time in your childhood, it would be especially interesting to conduct a similar study that spanned many years, to determine if music-dependant memory is applicable over a long period of

Over the years, there have been many controversial beliefs about the effects of music. Sherilene M. Carr and Nikki S. Rickard tried to lay some of these controversies to rest by proving that emotional arousing music enhances memory. In the study, The Use of Emotionally Arousing Music to Enhance Memory for Subsequently Presented Images, Carr and Rickard hypothesized that music, which affects us emotionally, will also increase the subjects’ ability to remember images. This information is highly relevant to our society today because music has earned a label of nonimportance. Though studies prove that music can increase test scores, schools are still cutting out their music classes and prohibiting students from listening to music during school. All things considered, this study presents itself with a few faults including the size and diversity of the subject pool as well as the accuracy of the collected information.

Summary: We’ve learned a lot about the psychological side effects of music today. With the different sides of the brain registering with the tune of the music. We also learned the educational benefits that come with learning and memorizing music.

Dating back to 1973 was one of the earliest studies done on music and memory. The study done by Mowsesian and Heyer involves 15 year old students listening to music while taking their exam. The researchers found out that music does not have a huge impact on student’s performance (Hallam, Price, & Katsarou, 2002). In contrast, there is also one study done by Fogelson in 1973 which stated there are positive effect of music while studying on children’s exam performance (Bloor, 2009). Therefore, Hallam suggested that early studies are done poorly and not set up in a practical framework, this is why the results of the studies produced are not consistent (Hallam, Price, & Katsarou, 2002).

In addition to the catchy beats of pop music, Dean Burnett’s article entitled, “Does music really help you concentrate?” suggests that music without lyrics are more beneficial to aiding the studying process. This is due to the research that shows that the human brain pays distinct attention to human speech. He implies that songs

Music is a form of art, entertainment and pleasure. There are both positive and negative factors when it comes to music.