Don River Watershed Essay

4. Compare snowpack in a watershed to a dam on a river. How are they alike? How are they different?

Where AET is actual evapotranspiration, P is the precipitation depth, and Q is runoff depth. Combined evaporation and transpiration from plants (evapotranspiration) is balanced by inflows as precipitation and outflows as runoff. Based on a research conducted by McGuiness (1963) for a period of seventeen years (1933-1949), the Rock Creek basin received an average precipitation of 43.5 inches, in which 12 inches was surface runoff. Therefore, if the precipitation and runoff values are substituted into the equation above, actual evapotranspiration rate of the basin equals 31.5 inches. However,

In recent years, the City of Orem’s storm drains have occasionally become filled during periods of heavy rainfall. The filling of the storm drains has backed up water to such an extent that homes, particularly those in low-lying areas, become flooded, causing substantial damage to basements and the foundation of the homes. In a prior interview with Orem City’s Storm Water Field Supervisor, Rick Sabey, he responded that these irregular downpours overfill our city’s sumps1. Mr. Sabey feels that no city creates and designs their storm drain system based on something that rarely happens. “Most cities model [storm drains] after 10-year storms3.” In 2013, the City of Orem began designing precautions to better improve the

We propose to investigate how climate change and disturbances, considered external drivers, might affect landscape structure, the provisioning of ecosystem services, and human perceptions related to natural resource planning in the Clackamas River Basin, located in Clackamas County, Oregon. The goal of the present project is to provide stakeholders in the Clackamas River Basin with a “first-cut” evaluation of how the effects of climate changes on the Upper Basin may impact provisioning services directly linked to water (i.e., freshwater, fish, timber, and hydroelectric power) using a first-generation, coupled forest-hydrology model: the Water Supply Stress Index model (WaSSI). We note that previous hydrological evaluations of the Clackamas did not consider land cover changes in the Upper Basin (Jung et al., 2012).

The Denver Basin has a semi arid atmosphere in which potential yearly evaporation is around five times greater than yearly precipitation. Most of the precipitation that falls on the land surface either runs off in streams, is evaporated from the surface of the soil, or is consumed by vegetation. Although this may be the case, a little part of the precipitation more often than not diffuses downwards and recharges the groundwater system. In the Denver Basin, a lot of the recharge happens in the highland areas between stream channels in the higher southern part of the basin. Precipitation is more prominent here, and the porous soils derived from the Dawson Arkose allow deep permeation. Recharge here can happen on a local and a regional scale. Locally, water moves

The Denver Basin has a semi arid atmosphere in which potential yearly evaporation is around five times greater than yearly precipitation. Most of the precipitation that falls on the land surface either runs off in streams, is evaporated from the surface of the soil, or is consumed by vegetation. Although this may be the case, a little part of the precipitation more often than not diffuses downwards and recharges the groundwater system. In the Denver Basin, a lot of the recharge happens in the highland areas between stream channels in the higher southern part of the basin. Precipitation is more prominent here, and the porous soils derived from the Dawson Arkose allow deep permeation. Recharge here can happen on a local and a regional scale. Locally, water moves

The Denver Basin has a semi arid atmosphere in which potential yearly evaporation is around five times greater than yearly precipitation. Most of the precipitation that falls on the land surface either runs off in streams, is evaporated from the surface of the soil, or is consumed by vegetation. Although that may be the case, a little part of the precipitation more often than not diffuses downwards and recharges the groundwater system. In the Denver Basin, a lot of the recharge happens in the highland areas between stream channels in the higher southern part of the basin. Precipitation is more prominent here, and the porous soils derived from the Dawson Arkose allow deep permeation. Recharge here can happen on a local and a regional scale. Locally, water moves from the highland recharge areas

River defined in the Oxford English Dictionary is “a large natural stream of water flowing in a channel to the sea, a lake, or another such stream. A large quantity of a flowing substance.” The river rises generally from a mountain or lake in a tableland. At first several very narrow streams of water join together and form one larger stream. At last the river falls into a sea, lake or another river. The mouth of the river becomes very wide. A river generally receives its water by the melting of snow on mountains. Sometimes it is fed by rain.

The world’s economic issues are like that of a ripple effect, the gravitation of something falling down into the water brings a cause and effect influence, much like the world, it is affected in both a negative and positive way from the smallest to largest ripple effects. For example, the contamination and pollution of the Tijuana’s river watershed has become an on growing problem for years now. The Tijuana’s river watershed not only does it cross a political boundary/border to the San Diego beaches but it also drastically affects the neighboring communities in the area of Baja California.

Lenz, ( 2003 ) studied the Ground-Water Flow and Rainfall Runoff with Emphasis on the Effects of Land Cover, Whittlesey Creek, Bayfield County, Wisconsin, 1999-2001 using SWAT model. The effects of land cover on flooding and base-flow characteristics of Whittlesey Creek, Bayfield County, Wis were examined in a study that involved ground-water-flow and rainfall-runoff modeling. Field data were collected during 1999-2001. Potentiometric-surface altitudes and stratigraphic descriptions were provided by well logs. Geological data, soil parameters, hydrography, altitude, and land-cover data were compiled into a geographic information system (GIS) and used in two ground-water-flow models (GFLOW and MODFLOW) and a rainfall-runoff model (SWAT). A base flow of 17-18 cubic feet per second is produced in a deep ground-water system which intersects Whittlesey Creek near the confluence with the North Fork.

The loss of freshwater comes from The Basin’s flow level it is dangerously reduced by extreme and persistent drought conditions. The hand of man makes these conditions much worse. The major upstream tributaries

Don River has been Toronto’s main source of livelihood, bringing more settlers around it. However, it has become increasingly susceptible to pollution and flooding. Pollution impacted the river in two ways. Rainstorms dragged pollutants into the river. Progressing into the 19th century, Don River became an industrial sewer to the emerging industries (Bonnell 2014). Later, the city of Toronto gained awareness of the planning issue and initiated a redevelopment project called “Don River and Central Waterfront Project” (Desfor and Laidley 2011). In my paper, I’ll address the nature of the planning issues and the strategies taken to solve the issues (solutions), and the benefits of the project. To study the strengths and weaknesses of the project,

Don River, located in Toronto, is a 38 km watershed that played a major role in the city’s earliest development and growth. It served as a source of water, power, livelihood, and transportation. Throughout the years, it gained many attraction and attention in which the Lower Don River became one of the most heavily populated areas in Toronto. However, the Don River is gradually getting polluted. Increased rainfalls and snowmelts carry pollutants as it runs through the different surfaces such as parking lots and streets. Such pollutants include pesticides, dirt, bacteria, heavy metals, and litter. Because the inner harbor exchanges water with Lake Ontario, the overflows of stormwater and sewage also impacts Toronto’s central waterfront because

To secure Hawaii’ water future, their first step includes the stakeholder input. Researchers must come together and discuss their policies and constraints, and how they can reach their goal in securing Hawaii’s water future. The following step is groundwater modeling, a process of understanding the gist of all the science aspects of data being collected. This type of research requires a variety of scientists, such as microbiologists, geochemists, and hydrologists. An example includes taking a water sample from an area on Oahu to determine what direction the water is flowing from. Their job is to collect samples of data and analyze if there is any relationship between water and climate. The next step in their project is economic modeling, a stage of scenario-playing and discussing the economic benefits for the community. The final stage is decision support, which is directly answering questions regarding watershed policies, data, system capacity, and

Gray infrastructure drainage features do not treat runoff, but instead simply move water from areas of human activity to local waterways. In urbanized coastal environments runoff collects and carries various pollutants to surface waters, including bays and estuaries, through MS4 systems. Thus increased precipitation will result in higher levels of untreated runoff entering waterways. Of more immediate concern is the fact that present infrastructure features are simply not equipped to handle peak runoff flows during extreme precipitation events and are often quickly overwhelmed. In fact, most municipal stormwater features are only designed to handle 2-5 year storms(Semadeni-Davies et al, 2008; Coastal Planning & Engineering, Inc., 2009). In addition, the urban runoff measurements and time-series data used by engineers in infrastructure design are often limited and do not take into account the uniqueness of the urban hydrologic environment. The urban water cycle is greatly affected by human activity and large amounts of impervious surfaces can increase runoff quantities and