This paper will compare the use of the performative two poems: The Lake Isle of Innisfree by W. B. Yeats and Digging by Seamus Heaney. Both these poems will be analyzed individually and in comparison with one another on several themes, being performativity and desire. The main subject is how desire is expressed through the performative in both poems. First, a brief explanation of the performative as defined by Bennett and Royle. A performative is a statement which constitutes an action, thus it does not only describes an action but also preforms the action. An utterance as ‘I now pronounce you husband and wife’, spoken in the right conditions, is not only a statement, it also connects two people in marriage. Hence, literary texts can be considered …show more content…
The first line of the poem ‘I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree,’ (Yeats 1890, 2087) already starts off with a performative: ‘I will arise and go’. Yeats does not simply states he wants to go to Innisfree but also demonstrates his intention to actually leave and travel there. The double use of ‘go’ emphasizes the speaker’s action, he is determined to go to Innisfree. The line ‘I will arise and go now,’ (Yeats 1890, 2087) is later repeated on line nine, again emphasizing his desire to go to Innisfree. The description Yeats provides of Innisfree is quite idyllic, as if it is a sort of magical place. In the second quatrain, the speaker gives an explanation of why he wants to go: ‘And I shall have some peace there,’. He believes he cannot find peace in an urban environment but that this can be found in nature. The poem expresses his desire to find peace. The performative act of the poem lies in the fact that he wants to escape the city and go to the countryside. Yeats’ desire to escape into nature, more precisely to Innisfree, is connected to his childhood. Innisfree was the place where he spent his summers as a child. His inspiration came from a memory of his childhood, while walking down Fleet Street, he explains ‘and when walking through Fleet Street very homesick I heard a little tinkle of water and saw a fountain in a shop-window which balanced a little ball upon its jet, and began …show more content…
‘Even (or especially) with its title, a literary text has begun to promise.’ (Bennett & Royle 2016. 313). This quote of Bennett & Royle can be applied to the title of Heaney’s poem. The poem starts off with a performative, namely its title, and hereby promises that the poem will dig. And digging is exactly what the poem is doing the whole time. The performative act of the poem is that the speaker is digging throughout it, but rather than digging with a spade, he is using his pen to do it. The poem expresses the speaker’s desire to keep digging, like his father and grandfather did, but he wants to do it in a different way. That he is not going to dig with a spade, becomes apparent in the last two lines of the poem ‘The squat pen rests. I’ll dig with it.’(Heaney 1966, 2953) . Furthermore, the last line is actually a performative: he is not merely stating it, but he will actually do it. On the second line, Heaney refers to his pen as a gun: ‘The squat pen rests; snug as a gun.’ (Heaney 1966, 2953). It demonstrates that he does not see his pen as ‘just a pen’, but as his instrument, his weapon. By choosing his pen, Heaney is not digging in the sense of unearthing or burying. The act of digging also means the act of remembering, this will be further explained later in this
Heaney continues to do this by glorifying the frogspawn, using alliteration “jam pots of the jellied specks”. This creates a soft and gentle rhythm for the reader, portraying Heaney’s fascination with nature a child.
Imagery is a common form of technique used in poetry in which the author uses visualization to demonstrate a vivid scene for the readers. In the poem, “Digging”, he discusses his father’s aging figure and recreates the feeling of the passage of time by mentioning his grandfather digging in a similar fashion. When Heaney says, “Till his straining rump among the flowerbeds; Bends low, comes up twenty years away”, he is most likely referring to a past memory of his father, indicating he has passed away twenty years ago. Heaney vividly remembers his father digging, and compares his father’s digging to his own penmanship when he says at the beginning of the poem, “Between my finger and my thumb/ The squat pen rests; snug as a gun.”, and at the end of the poem when he says, “Between my
Jacks stumble (suddenly t) upon a group of people. They are dressed in strange gray suits. Some are digging in dark, watery soil. The others are (immediately t) placing the samples into a machine. They watch from the safety of a large group of trees whose leaves have turned a dark orange. They wait patiently for the group to disappear. It’s been “15, 20, no 30 minute’s” states Kate. They are still digging around in the soil. The digging goes on for hours. Kate and Mr. Jacks direct their attention to the diggers. They are both wondering what they could possibly be digging for in the watery
Like a shovel to dirt as a pen to paper. In “Digging,” Seamus Heaney uses specific elements such as diction, and imagery to convey his meaning that children don’t always want to be like their past generations of men.
While digging his second hole it seems weird that eases his pain but really, it’s a way of knowing someone has it worse. The setting helps him become a tougher person and feeling better about his bad life at his
The first quatrain of the poem introduces us to a conflict; the man is depressed and conflicted. We know this because the speakers says, “mine eyes take no delight to range” (3). In the second
The three poems that highlight Seamus Heaney’s response to the modern world unequivocally are entitled: ‘Anything Can Happen’, ‘Helmet’, and ‘Out of Shot’. ‘Anything Can Happen’ has four quatrains with each line structured around ten syllables. Adding to this structure, the poem is constructed of eight sentences and a singular rhetorical question. In contrast, ‘Helmet’ is a poem that consists of seven tercets with a high use of enjambed lines. The poem, also, has two main sections: the first ends in the use of an ellipsis and the second with a full stop. In further contrast, ‘Out of Shot’ is a sonnet without a rhyme scheme. It is a singular sentence separated by the use of a semicolon and an em dash. As obvious in these three poems, Seamus
The tone illustrates regret and acceptance. In the beginning the speaker seems to regret he is not outside with his father digging. But instead he is using his own tool, which is his pen. As the speaker reflects upon his family history and not maintaining the family customs, he becomes comfortable and confident with his pen in his hand. The speaker then accepts that his fate is writing and he is not like this father and grandfather. He does not wish to carry the customs of his family. For him the pen will represent what he will become. This simile conveys that he is comfortable with the pen in his hand; example of tactile imagery so the reader can visualize how the speaker must be holding the pen.
In the poem, Hardy uses repetition to create humor. The first line of each stanza contains the word “dig” in different forms, “Are you digging on my grave” (l. 1), “Who is digging on my grave” (l. 7), “Some one digs upon my grave” (l. 13), “Who is digging on my grave” (l. 19), “You dig upon my grave” (l. 25), and the last one “ I dug upon your grave” (l. 31). It’s a rhetorical question yet she keeps on asking but every time the answer she gets just disappoint her more. It creates a humorous tone with bitterness because her naïve hopefulness is just crashed again and
Heaney uses onomatopoeia in the words ‘slap’ and ‘plop’ to create an image on the readers mind. This section also shows the punishment from offended nature for the boys arrogance – when he sees what nature is really like, he is terrified. This part of the poem is also very ambiguous – we see the horror of the plague of frogs, ‘obscene’ and gathered’ for ‘vengeance.’ – at least in the child’s mind.
Yeats was a confessional poet - that is to say, that he wrote his poetry directly from his own experiences. He was an idealist, with a purpose. This was to create Art for his own people - the Irish. But in so doing, he experienced considerable frustration and disillusionment. The tension between this ideal, and the reality is the basis of much of his writing. One central theme of his earlier poetry is the contrast
John Keats’, “To One Who Has Been Long in City Pent,” is a Petrarchan sonnet that initially reads as a soft and sweet reflection of the speaker’s love of nature as a means of escaping the draining and claustrophobic city. While Keats draws more attention to the emotionally healing aspects of escaping into nature, he also includes subtle, yet grim images throughout the poem-- suggesting that perhaps this countryside escape is not as lighthearted as it may appear on the surface. In this paper, I will provide an explanation for the importance of Keats’ juxtaposition of the heavenly qualities of nature with the poem’s more muted, hidden images, to not only depict why this poem is absolutely genius as a cleverly disguised dark poem, but to highlight
One of the most important pieces of “Digging” is how the speaker begins about to write something and how he/she ends that way. As the writer sits down and is about to start writing, they hear a rasping sound outside the window. As they look down, they see their father under the window, digging. The speaker’s father is described to be straining and working hard. “Against the inside knee was levered firmly” (11), describes his strong grip and the massive amount of effort he is putting into his digging.
The forth to sound and sight and is portrayed using 'echoes' and 'music' and 'call' all give a loudness about the verse 'a rat slapped' a scary sight, given its scariness from his use of language. The fifth verse to all three mentioned senses, touch sight and smell portrayed by him 'fingering slime' and how he would 'stare' and the ringing 'echoing' of the darkness. This is he uses language to evoke a sentiment upon the reader with words. Both poems encounter his childhood experiences of nature, his feelings and view as a child. Heaney's use of language 'rotted' 'sweltered' and 'gargled' are one use of language used to evolve an image of his innocence.
Seamus Heaney published “Digging” and “Twice Shy” under the same collection of poems from “Death of a Naturalist” in 1966. The story behind “Digging” is about the internal conflict Heaney has with himself and the memories of his father working hard in the potato farm while Heaney works hard at digging into his poetry. “Twice Shy” centers on how a couple communicates their emotions felt from a date that carried meanings. The main theme for “Digging” is about the conflict Heaney has with his identity, while “Twice Shy” focuses on disillusionment between the couple. Heaney seems to struggle with realizing his own potential and qualities for something else other than what he and society thinks he should be. As for “Twice Shy” the couple has experienced the unpleasant romantic situations in the past which lead to hesitancy in a new relationship. The author built the theme of identity in “Digging” and for “Twice Shy” the newfound love of the couples through the use of imagery, rhyme, and mood.