Example Of The Hegelian Dialectic

According to, http://www.toxicology.org/gp/fda.asp, the Society of Toxicology website, in 1937 the Massengill pharmaceutical company dispersed Elixir Sulfanilamide. This drug was prescribed generally to anyone who had symptoms of strep throat. Elixir Sulfanilamide contains diethylene glycol, which is a chemical equivalent of antifreeze. There were 107 documented deaths, involving many children, because of the lack in regulations. The Pure Food and Drug Act was deemed to insufficient to protect the public. This tragedy was the critical motivation for the creation of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

To him, the framework of argumentation involves the relationship between audience and the speaker and is to be influenced by the argumentation. Adherence is a “sense of allegiance and understanding”, and this type of discourse involves values. In The Realm of Rhetoric, Perelman begins to discuss about the relationship between rhetoric and philosophy, and how dialectic discourse plays a part in the relationship. This is in contrast to the Cartesian Method of scientific discovery. Also, in this section Perelman advocates that rhetoric is subordinated to philosophy, claiming “If dialectic is useful to the philosopher, by allowing himself to settle erroneous opinions, the perception of truth will come through intuitions; rhetoric will serve to communicate these truths and to gain their acceptance. (1379)” Through the use of dialectical reasoning as well as rhetoric, one can influence the minds of the audience and affect their judgement. So, philosophical argumentation calls for a particular field of a theory of argumentation which he has developed as the new rhetoric. “As soon as communication tries to influence one or more persons, to orient their thinking, to excite or calm their emotions, to guide their actions, it belongs to the realm of rhetoric

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is best known for its role on protecting the health of the public by making sure that food, medications are safe and effective. Especially when it comes to the pharmaceutical industry, its mission is to regulate pharmaceutical manufacturers, as well as the drug approval process. However, in the recent years, many arguments and controversy regarding drug development and regulation have risen. Drug advertisements make false and misleading claims, products are being put out on the market without any proof of safety, causing many unwanted incidents such as the Avandia incident and Vioxx incident, which could have been prevented in the first place.

The second dialectic concept is reality as contradiction. Reality as contradiction is not “this or that”, but often “this and that” at the same time. Contradiction is the unity of opposites. An example of reality as a contradiction would be when Abramoff was in prison and was accused of harassing a rabbi. While in prison, he was trying to get access to Torah and spoke with the rabbi about getting one. With the Jewish holiday right around the corner, Abramoff wanted to make sure he had the Torah in time. The rabbi agreed to lend him one, but then he was later accused of harassing the rabbi, even though the rabbi had agreed to supply him with one. Although Abramoff had well intentions when speaking to the rabbi about the Torah, others depicted his intentions as bad. This

techniques; one of the most prevalent methods would undoubtedly be the employment of the logical fallacy, “Ad Hominem” (against the man), by which arguments are directed at individuals rather than positions.

If the persuaded possesses high elaboration due to high topic relevance, a strong argument will manipulate that variable. If the persuaded has a high need for cognition, this can be exploited to form a strong argument, and so on.

12. The FDA would not let unsafe replications of drugs onto the market, prescription or over the counter medications

. The FDA notes a long list in the article of what they are used for:

The article cites a California Bill that would require labeling genetically modified food and then cites multiple scientific tests that disprove the claim made in the Bill. the bill uses language that the LA Times described as “negative” up to claim that genetically modified foods can have negative influences on health. the LA Times follows this with multiple sources that claim That genetically modified foods are safe, which are backed up with scientific testing. By first providing an example that only states one scientific source and countering it with four sources that disprove the first, the LA Times called into question the validity of the Bill’s information. The LA Times provides a week counterexample and then proves it wrong in order to persuade their audience.

That is, a dialectical method of approaching a situation from many different angles, logically and thoughtfully, in order to distinguish from that which is considered to be contradictory. Further, it involves searching for commonly known opinion-forming truths, and scrutinizing them in order to determine their consistency with other theories (Wikipedia contributors).

George Hegel introduced to the world to the theory of ideas, known as the Hegelian dialectic, and it is quite astonishing as it contemplates and assesses contradicting ideas and ultimately generates a new idea. Hegel believes that all human ideas (thesis) are often in heated confrontations with their similar counterparts (antithesis), in which both may be equally feasible for a society. Hegel believes that these issues must be resolved through the synthesis of a new idea.

'They cross-examine a man's words, when he thinks that he is saying something and he is really saying nothing, and easily convict him of inconsistencies in his opinions; these they collect by the dialectic method, and placing them side by side, show that they contradict one another about the same things, in relation to the same things, and in the same respect.' (230 b) (8)

Americans have embraced debate since before we were a country. The idea that we would provide reasoned support for any position that we took is what made us different from the English king. Our love of debate came from the old country, and embedded itself in our culture as a defining value. Thus, it should not come as a surprise that the affinity for debate is still strong, and finds itself as a regular feature of the mainstream media. However, if Deborah Tannen of the New York Times is correct, our understanding of what it means to argue may be very different from what it once was; a “culture of critique” has developed within our media, and it relies on the exclusive opposition of two conflicting positions (Tannen). In her 1994 editorial,

Hegel uses his triadic theory of dialectic, which came from an accumulation of ideas from his predecessors, to construct the ideas of his philosophies. This theory contained three parts: the thesis was the first stage or affirmation, the antithesis was the contradiction or denial, and the synthesis was the final stage which overcame both the thesis and antithesis to emerge a higher, more rational idea.

Manipulation is getting what you want by ignoring or harming the desires of others. Manipulators use charm, persuasion, coaxing, trickery, and misdirection. The underlying idea is "I have to fool people to make them give me what I want." We can catch ourselves falling into this behavior when you aren 't listening to other people, when you ignore what they want and when you pretend that your desires cost nobody else a price. There are also