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Financial Statements

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CHAPTER-I

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
• Explain the meaning of financial statements of a company;
• Describe the form and content of balance sheet of a company;
• Prepare the Balance Sheet of a company as per Schedule VI Part I of the Companies Act 1956.
• Know the major headings under which the various assets and liabilities can be shown.
• Explain the meaning, objectives and limitations of analysis using accounting ratios
• Calculate various ratios to assess the solvency, liquidity, efficiency and profitability of the firm.
• Interpret the various ratios for inter and intra-firm comparison. define Cash Flow Statement
• know its objectives
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Employees and Trade Unions
Employees are interested in better emoluments, bonus and continuance of business and whether the dues like provident fund, ESI et., have been deposited with the authorities.

They would therefore, like to know its financial performance and profitability and operating sustainability.

Government and its agencies
Financial statements are used by government and its agencies to formulate policies to regulate the activities of business, to formulate taxation policies, to compile national income accounts.

Taxation authorities such as income tax department use the financial statements for determination of income tax; sales tax department is interested in sales while the excise department is interested in production.

Stock exchange
Stock exchange uses the financial statements to analyze and thereafter, inform its members about the performance, financial health, etc. of the company, to see whether financial statements prepared are in conformity with the specified laws and rules and to see whether they safeguard the interest of various concerned agencies.

Other Regulatory authorities (such as, Company Law Board, SEBI, Stock Exchanges, Tax Authorities etc.) would like that the financial statements prepared are in conformity with the specified laws and rules, and are to safeguard the interest of various concerned

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