Heterogeneity in phenotypic characters is a widely observed phenomenon by breeder’s in all plant

Asexual Propagation is the process of using plant materials such as the stems, leaves, and roots to multiply the number of plants. These plants eventually grow to be a brand new plant that is genetically identical to the parent plant it came from. In several types of plants, asexual propagation is the fastest means of new plant growth. Asexual propagation is also a good way to maintain a plant species because they are genetically identical. In this process, adventitious roots are seen in the growing cycle. Adventitious roots are those that grow form parts of the plant that they normally would not grow from. The cuttings must do

The proposed experiment will be carried out according to the GENE223 Lab Manual ‘Gene 223 teaching staff, (2015)’ with the following additional details. Eight embryos in the same stage of growth (spherical stage) will be placed in each well of the 6-well

The results observed do not correspond with the outcome predicted by the hypothesis. Despite the nature of the subjects of the experiments, no substantial growth was observed. Only one seed of the 36 planted germinated, and it could only survive for a period of a week. The one seed that germinated reach a height of 1.2 cm. Table 1 presents the average growth observed in each quad. Each quad had a total of 12 seeds. No seeds were removed during the course of the experiment.

This report presents an overview to: meiosis, chromosomes, traits, genotypes, and phenotypes displayed in the evolution of fast plants. Studying how the genetic information can be passed along one generation to the following. Also, learning various techniques to determine the possible genotypes of the four Wisconsin Fast Plants provided by analyzing the offspring and observing the phenotypic variation within them. Predicting that the parent plant was heterozygous with the first generation also displaying heterogeneous characteristics of non- purple stem/ Green leaves. And discovering that the null hypothesis was rejected for the chi-square being less than 5% meaning the observed phenotypes were due by chance.

Round seeds (R) are dominant to wrinkled seeds (r), and yellow seeds (Y) are dominant

might affect the fitness of each variant. In other words which factors might increase plant growth, survival,

A plant's growth ability is dependent on its ability to acquire the resources it needs to survive. Competition such as interspecific and intraspecific, limiting resources, and population density affect the fitness level of a plant. This experiment was conducted in order to test the capability of collards and radishes to grow in manipulated densities under interspecific and intraspecific competition. I hypothesized that both collard and radish plants will grow more efficiently in single species pots under low-density conditions. I also hypothesized that in the mixed species plots the radishes will be more fit to survive and grow better than the collard plants in both the high and low-density pots. Both high and low density and single and mixed species plots were planted and results were observed. There was a significant

Biotechnological techniques and applications have been developed that allow humans to take more specific and extensive control of breeding to produce novel and transgenic organisms. These new techniques are enabling humans to select embryos that have desirable alleles for use in breeding programmes and to clone whole organisms that

The basic plant life cycle with alternation of generations is modified in angiosperms by the change of haploid (n) and diploid (2n) generations, which take turns making each other.

The second step of the experiment was to soak the seeds in water overnight. This action was made to prepare the seeds for germination and making them more softer and less rigid. The seeds were placed in a bowl and were covered by tin foil. It was set up on the refrigerator to minimize any outside interference that may come to it. After a full night of absorbing the water, the seeds were ready to start the next stage.

Modifying plants is not a new concept. "For centuries, gardeners and farmers have been crossbreeding different species of

The experiments purpose was to understand and observe the gene expressions in the genes pCNT103, cig1 and GapC in the shoot, root and callus tissues of the tobacco plant, Nicotiana tabacum. Using various genetic laboratory research techniques completed the experiment. The experiment consisted of four parts. The sterile tissue culture technique was used to differentiate the tobacco callus tissue in

Making the onion tip root cell slide was successful. Our results supported the hypothesis because we saw cells in the onion root tip in prophase, metaphase, and anaphase. As we went up in power objectives, each phase of the cell became more definitive. The cell root was a great indicator of the structures of the different cycles of the cell. This is important because we will be prepared for future labs working with the microscopes and can now adjust it for the best view of the slide. We practiced working with the compound light microscopes and different phases of the cell cycle. Onion root tips are useful to observe mitosis because the cells are frequently diving as the root grows. So when we stained the cell, we caught many cells in different phases. The significance of this lab was to better understand the process and stages of mitosis and meiosis and compare and contrast the mitotic process in plants and animals. We grasped the concepts of what the chromosomes look like, and what they look like in each step of the processes. Having read much about mitosis and meiosis, seeing these cells was the real application of describing and understanding the stages.

This data shows a strange outcome, in the hypothesis; it says that “If acid is introduced to the seed during germination, then the roots will not grow as long as the seeds that are given water”. This statement proves to be untrue, because the roots grew longer with stronger acid than weaker acid, and in some, cases, grew better with strong acid than it did in water. This may be true because of the acid growth theory. The acid growth theory states that auxins cause the elongation of stem cells by promoting wall loosening. It was determined that this wall loosening is caused by hydrogen ions. This idea and subsequent supporting data gave rise to the acid growth theory, which states that when exposed to auxins, susceptible cells excrete protons into the wall at an enhanced rate, which in turn decreases the pH in the wall. The lowered wall pH then activates the wall loosening process which is essentially doing the same thing as the auxin hormone.

The technique of grafting dates back to the beginning of agriculture. Although it can be labor-intensive, grafting has continued to be used in fruit and nut trees because of the immense benefits. Different plants produce different qualities of fruits and nuts, and not always consistently. And, because tree fruits are nearly impossible to reproduce from cuttings, grafting has become the most popular technique for fruit tree propagation. Grafting helps to produce a superior and highly valued crop (Hartmann, Kester, Davies, & Geneve, 2011). “New markets continue to require grafted and budded plants for improved plant quality, fruit yield, superior forms, and better adaptation to greater ecological ranges” (Hartmann et al. 2011).