Juvenile Delinquency
I. The harsh beginnings.
Children were viewed as non-persons until the 1700's. They did not receive special treatment or recognition. Discipline then is what we now call abuse. There were some major assumptions about life before the 1700's.
The first assumption is that life was hard, and you had to be hard to survive. The people of that time in history did not have the conveniences that we take for granted. For example, the medical practices of that day were primitive in comparison to present-day medicine. Marriages were more for convenience, rather than for child-bearing or romance.
The second assuption was that infant and child mortality were high. It did not make sense to the parents in those days to create
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Industrialization.
Industrialization set into motion the processes needed for modern juvenile delinquency. The country had gone from agriculture to machine-based labor-intensive production. Subsistence farming quickly turned into profit making. People who were displaced from their farm work because of machinery were migrating to the city to find work. This led to urbanization in such places as Chicago, which in turn caused the cities to burst at the seams.
II. Urbanization.
There was a huge increase in the amount of movable goods that were produced. These movable goods were easy to steal. The stealing of these goods made property crime rise tremendously in these urban centers. The wealth of the upper-class increased, and stealing became a way of living.
These large urban centers also created another problem. The work place was now seperated from the home. During the hard times both parents took jobs. There was also very little for the youths to do, especially when school was not in session. It was then that youths were becoming increasingly unsupervised. These youths were largely unemployed. Without supervision, and with movable goods easily available, stealing became a way of life.
The huge influx of people to these urban areas overwhelmed society. The factories could not keep up, and unemployment became a factor. Poverty became widespread.
III. Salvage Attempts.
Poorhouses were created to keep youthful offenders away from trouble. The idea
Cities/environment were horrible like their were crimes. The business were small, they moved more people into the city. The wedges were higher so the got people to move from farm lands to the city. Their was a lot of poor people in the city that couldn’t afford the home that they were staying at. They passed a law that
Women were regarded to be both bad and good - a necessary evil of types. To be involved with a woman would complicate one's life but to not have a woman was an even worse fate - to die alone.
As workers moved to cities to work in factories, and progress in medical and sanitation practices improved, urban crowding became a huge issue. Additionally, where industry was taking over production in markets that had previously been dominated by small business owners, these skilled workers, weavers and the like, were now being forced to take jobs working for capitalist ventures-- often working in the industry coinciding with their master skill, but
4. They believed industrialization and urbanization produced an abundance of social problems, including city slums and worker mistreatment by callous
Industrialization brought many jobs for workers in the cities
The desire for new jobs became the biggest motivating factor because farmers found that they could make more money in factories than working on the farm lands. This made them abandon their farm lives and proceed on with the new city life since it had become so difficult for them to
Many people up and left to move into the big cities, leaving many things behind. They thought they could make more money for less work by getting a job at the factories. People were running and telling about the amazing jobs the factories were giving them making more people come into the city (Document 2a). Companies in the city then grew larger causing a huge economic change in America, creating new jobs for all the new people moving to the cities. The men started to return from World War I and increased the employment rate while gaining profit for the people and the companies because of the production boom.
This had a very negative effect on the working class and the majority were forced into poverty. Most areas resulted in slums and only the very rich lived comfortably.
For example people felt that traditions weren't there rural way of life. High birth rates were changing and education improved. The health care and education attracted people to move with a friendly society unemployment benefit, universal health care, homeless shelters, and sometimes subsidized services such as public transport. Younger people increased getting an education and getting a job. Labour groups also played an important role in the society. The government changed political patronage to improve better presentation for urban
America saw huge improvements and mass migration from their inner cities to suburbs. Society had really changed during this period of time. everyday life across the country was dramatically altered. Food, gas and clothing were rationed. Communities conducted scrap metal drives.
They had no extra money to set aside and save up to move halfway across the country. This caused the cities to become even more overpopulated, which caused jobs to become even more scarce, and people were forced to take any work they could find. This meant that even the most repulsive jobs were becoming unavailable as more people kept moving piling up in one city.
Industrialization was the main cause of change in society. The second Industrialization Revolution happened when electricity showed up in America during the 1880s. Americans enjoyed automobiles, telephones, skyscrapers, motion pictures, and electric lights because of electricity; however, these things caused air pollution and traffic. Another way that society changed was the increase of urban populations due to the increase of immigration. Factories hired millions of immigrants because immigrants would work more hours for less money to provide for their families. Other changes in society were that the working class was used to seeing child labor, disease, and low wages in the workforce; the upper class did not face problems like the working class did. Electricity transformed society by changing
This quote I found from an online article explains what kids went through during this harsh time. It almost sounds like they were slaves by how low they were getting paid. Most of us have never even heard of kids working late at nights doing jobs that today no one can possibly do because they have been replaced with machines from the dangers they carry. Children worked some of the most dangerous factory jobs that existed and they didn’t by choice. They had no choice but to work because either their family was poor or they were orphans.
In the early nineteenth century juveniles were treated the same as adults when it came to the legal system. We did not have separate courts or jails for juveniles and they would often receive the same punishments as adults that had committed crimes. “At the beginning of the
Industrialization caused an upsurge of immigration in the urban centers leading to the acceleration of urbanization (Francis, Jones, Smith 137). However, this rapid population growth soon started to cause problems. These include the emergence of slums in highly populated centers, lack of proper sanitation, deterioration of health and the rise of prohibition evident through the number taverns,