Lab BCH 2333
Section:
Lab 1 Carbohydrates: Separation Techniques Based on Molecular Size
TA:
Wednesday, January 16th, 2013
Team #4
By:
Partner:
Purpose
The purpose of this experiment is to exemplify how differences in molecular weight allow separation of polymers from their monomers. Methods of dialysis and gel filtration chromatography will be used to separate a glucose monomer from a starch polymer. Colorimetric glucose oxidase assay will be used to monitor the presence of glucose and a colorimetric iodine assay will be used to monitor the presence of starch in prepared solutions after separation
Results and Discussion
Table 1: Glucose oxidase
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R6
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**Glucose and Starch graphs are separated because of the significantly different concentrations of the two which obscures the graphs when plotted together
Figure 1 Concentration of glucose relative to elution volume. Graph plotted using Excel. The equation of the line is represented by a 6th order polynomial (y = -4E-08x6 + 8E-06x5 - 0.0006x4 + 0.0184x3 - 0.2952x2 + 2.0705x - 4.6828) with a regression R² = 0.75191.
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Figure 2 Concentration starch relative to elution volume. Graph plotted using Excel. The equation of the line is represented by a 6th order polynomial (y = 1E-09x6 - 2E-07x5 + 1E-05x4 - 0.0004x3 + 0.0063x2 - 0.0379x + 0.0784) with a regression of R² = 0.4605.
Analysis of Graphs
Three peaks are observed in Figure 1 (concentration of glucose vs. elution volume) which was expected due to the results in table 4 that show intervals of elution. The intervals of the elution are represented as peaks on the graph. The intervals are due to the glucose molecules that enter the beads of the column causing the glucose molecules to elute slowly. Two peaks are observed in Figure 2 (concentration of starch vs. elution volume), which was not expected. One peak was expected for the
4. There are other types of reagents used to determine what type of biomolecule a substance is. For example, copper ions present in Benedict’s reagent reacts with the free end of any reducing sugars, such as glucose, when heated. Originally blue in color, these copper ions are reduced by the sugar, and produce an orange-red colored precipitate. Alternatively, iodine-potassium iodide (IKI) may also be used when working with starch. IKI contains special tri-iodine ions which interact with the coiled structure of a starch
By examining the filtration results, we can predict that the molecular weight of glucose must be
Purpose: To determine the concentration of solute in the potato’s cytoplasm by measuring the change
2. The larger value obtained when more glucose carriers were present corresponds to an increase in the rate of glucose transport. Explain why the rate increased. How well did the results compare with your prediction?
The hypothesis states that if the solution is hypotonic the results will decrease, if the solution is hypertonic the results will increase and if the solution is isotonic the solution will vary and or remain constant. In order to test the predictions of the hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic hypothesis for the solution made during the study, four samples of sucrose were taken and placed into two different beakers each containing a different concentration. Then dialysis tubing A was placed into beaker 1 with B, C, and D placed into beaker 2 for 45 minutes and weighted at 15 minute intervals. My finding in the study was that each of the four samples changed from their initial weight and for the most part accurately proved the hypothesis.
1) Which type of function (linear, exponential, or cubic) do you believe will best fit the data? Support your choice.
3.List whether each of the following substances was positive or negative for starch, as indicated by using iodine. (7 points)
To calculate the concentration of the sucrose and glucose after the first reaction, and the final concentration of glucose of the samples of Powerade and Gatorade, the Beer-Lambert equation was used.
Initially, 8 pennies were added to the cup, followed by the addition of 7 pennies and 1 dime, then 4 pennies and 4 dimes, and finally 8 more pennies. There were therefore a total of 27 pennies and 5 dimes added to the cup. Table 2 demonstrates that the force (N) for dimes and pennies went up by almost 0.20 N at each interval. Therefore, the force (N) in Table 2 did not deviate much from the force (N) seen in Table 1 where all pennies were used. The reason little variation in force was seen in Table 2 was due to mostly pennies being added to the cup. Due to so many pennies being added, the dimes had little impact on the overall force (N). If roughly an equal ratio of pennies to dimes had been added to the cup, a more distinct variation between the slope’s in Figure 1 and Figure 2 would have been seen. However, the slope or the average weight of the coins, as represented in Figure 2, was 0.0249 N. The slope can be calculated by dividing the change in the force by the change in the # of pennies and dimes. The x-values represent the number of pennies and dimes, while the y-values represent force (N). The y-intercept value is equal to 0, therefore, the linear equation is y=0.0249x+0. After plotting the line on a manual curve fit, as can be seen in Figure 2, the R2 value was 0.99884. This R2 value is very close to 1, meaning that the match of the linear model to the data fits. After running a
What happens if you eat too few carbohydrates? What happens if you eat too few lipids?
All values on graph are just shown by height representing amount ignore the y-axis numbers, water having no CO2, glucose having the most, sucrose second most and fructose the least.
I believe if you eat carbs in moderation they will not affect you in a bad way. However, most people overeat and do not pay attention to what they eat. The only way carbs will affect someone in a negative way is by overeating, eating the wrong carbs or if you have a certain body type and your body just does not use them the right way. Some people just never know when to stop eating. They have 3 or more plates of food full of starches and sugar. In this day and age, children, teenagers, and adults are becoming obese from eating very wrongly. I have never seen someone’s refrigerator with just pizza and frozen meals, but that is what this generation has grown accustomed to. There are 3 body types, Mesomorph, Ectomorph, and Endomorph. When endomorphs
Following this, 200 μl Glucose Reagent (containing buffer, hexokinase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, NAD+, ATP and Mg2+) was added within a period of 90s to each of the samples of glucose standard as well as serum samples. All mixtures were finally incubated at room temperature for 15 minutes, and the serum glucose level of fasting for the three subjects retrieved using a colorimetric method. (Kim et al., 2016)
GRAPH 2 : Graph of rate of reduction of potassium permanganate against the concentration of glucose
In many quality engineering applications, the objective is to determine the relationship between the controllable input variables, xi, and a quality characteristic, y. Several designs are available in the literature for fitting first-, second- or higher-order polynomial models over spherical or cuboidal