hilosophers, political scientist, and psychologist have composed vast amount of literature on leader and leadership. Leadership is a broad term, open to interpretation. Leadership development begins with the simple realization that you want to be a leader. This literature review examines and evaluates major theories of leadership and summarizes findings from empirical research on leadership. Discuss the concept of leadership with a particular focus on the role leadership, such as collegiate organization. This literature will conclude with recommendation to enhance student leadership. Leadership have many descriptions from personality, traits, characteristics, activities, and types of goals. The importance of college leadership training, to develop leadership skills will be explained in this paper. An integrating conceptual framework is presented to show how the different theories and lines of research fit together. Keywords: Leadership, Trait, leadership development, higher education
Leadership Literature Review
No single definition is able to encompass the complex idea of leadership. (Stogdill ,1974) “Leadership is the initiation and maintenance of structure in expectation and interaction” (p.411). Leadership is a word that has many meanings and can be interpreted in many different ways. The role of the leader is very important in an educational environment. Common ideas of leadership are leading people, influencing people, commanding people and guiding people.
Leadership is important because it helps followers reach a common goal. There have been several studies based on effective leadership. The definition of leadership has evolved over the years adapting to the different views of the world. Leaders have influence on their followers they are looked up to.
Leadership is complex and, comprises of many definitions and qualities (Grimm 2010). One definition of leadership is ‘a multifaceted process of identifying a goal, motivating other people to act, and providing support and motivation to achieve mutually negotiated goals’ (porter-O’Grady 2003). Back in 1939 Kurt Lewin researched to identify different styles of leadership. According to his research, there are three major styles of leadership. Authoritarian or autocratic, participative or democratic and delegative or laizzes-fair. These three styles remain influential today. According to educational leaders.govt.NZ, leadership is about empowering, transforming and working together to meet schools and 21st century (www.tki).There are many leadership theories and from leadership theories comes leadership styles. the educational leadership model according to www.educational leaders.govt.nz identifies four qualities that build a leader 's capability to enhance teaching and learning outcomes for the school: manaakitangi- leading with moral purpose, pono- having self-belief, ako- being a learner, awhinatanga -guiding and supporting.
Leadership is an influential factor in the success and failure. If an organization is failing, look at the leader, not the economy; not the market; look at the leader. The movements and influence of a leader determines the fate of those under her or him. The importance of leadership cannot be underestimated. The importance of leadership has constantly been debated and a part argumentative discussion. There is no one approach to leadership, however leadership theories try to make sense of various approaches to leadership. James G. Clawson is considered an authority in leadership theories. His Level III leadership theory is about managing energy, first in leader, and then in those around the leader.
Leadership is defined as a relationship between an individual and a group of followers in which goal attainment of the group is influenced by the leader. Leadership in general said to be an art, which can
There are many definitions for the term leadership. This term have different meanings to each individual. Leadership is defined as a complex phenomenon involving the leader, the followers, and the situation (Hughes, Ginnett & Curphy, 2012). Leadership is a quality that one can gain through employment experience and/or through education and can also be gained through mentorship. There are many different leadership styles that a leader may fall under. Each type of leadership style has its own uniqueness that makes the leader fall under that particular
Many people in present day are trying to understand the concept and practice of leadership. The concept of leadership is equivalent to ensure the influence in school and manage the change and organizational structure. There has been the gigantic amount of literature lately about the school leadership. However, many people still misunderstand the concept of leadership. In order to learn the concept of leadership, people required to do more than reading just some literatures or fantasizing about what great the leaders should be.
The meaning of leadership can vary depending on the person but to me leadership is the way a person, or group, leads a group of people in a task. Everyone has their own form of leadership but I personally prefer to lead by example as well as consult with the group before I make a decision. I feel that with this form of leadership I will never be asking someone to do something that I wouldn’t do myself, and it allows for members to become involved in the decision making.
In simple words, Leadership can be defined as a quality developed by an individual over time to lead a group of people or to guide a group of people or team to achieve a common goal.
There is no one way to describe, what is meant by leadership and there are many elucidation of its meaning (Mullins and Christy, 2013). The Charter Institute of Public Development 'CIPD ' (2016) defines leadership as the aptitude to impact people by personal qualities and comportements, different leadership traits may be required in different situations. Other definitions of leadership are:
Although there is no universal definition of leadership, most definitions focus on individual traits and characteristics. Yet leadership remains a difficult concept to characterize. If you were to ask me for my personal definition of leadership, it is simply the ability to motivate and inspire a group of individuals toward a common or shared goal. Lussier (2013) define leadership as “a process of a leader communicating ideas, gaining acceptance of the vision and motivating followers to support and implement the ideas through others.” Merriam-Webster provides an assortment of descriptions for the concept. Leadership is defined as “the office or position of a leader; capacity to lead; or the act or an instance of leading”,
According to Business Dictionary.com, leadership is defined as the individuals who are the leaders in an organization, regarded collectively. It also can be define as the activity of leading a group of people or an organization or the ability to do this. Leadership involves the establishing of a clear vision, sharing the vision with other so that they will follow willingly, providing the needed information, knowledge, and methods to realize the vision and coordinating and balancing the conflicts interests of all members and stakeholders.
In today’s world, leaders are not defined by age, race or gender. They can be a high school basketball coach, the shift supervisor at the local coffee shop, or even the President of the United States of America. In as many ways that leaders can vary by appearance and responsibility, there is also a variance in the ways that they lead. This case study aims to compare three of the more popular theories of leadership. These leadership theories are situational leadership, trait theory and transformational leadership.
Different theories of leadership classify leadership in different ways. Based on the use of authority, leadership is classified into three types as autocratic, democratic and laissez faire leadership styles (Adeyemi, 2013). Having gone through my free flow journey has helped me explore my entire life as a process of learning and evolution of my own leadership. This mandatory part of my journal has given me the opportunity to reflect on my personal values as they are the primary influencer to my leadership development. Since our behaviours determines our values, this mandatory journaling is a powerful tool to identify which of the four waves of values (1st and 2nd Wave Values, 3rd and 4th Wave Values) influences my leadership practices.
Over the years, a great deal of time, and research has been dedicate to the study of leadership. Even with extensive data on the topic, many still disagree on what leadership really means. Hence, leadership is a word that has many different meanings and different researched theories associated with it. On a basic level, leadership involves having and establishing a clear vision, sharing that vision with followers, respecting followers, and leading an organization with excellence while ensuring that everyone is part of the team. Leadership is also a method by which a leader uses his or her influence towards getting a group of followers to take ownership or buy into a vision.
Leadership is an approach for a leader to guide, motivate, supervise, manage, and influence others in different situation to reach a goal. According to the Pettinger (2007), the leadership can be explained in several situations. First, the leaders have the responsible to provide vision and direction to the followers. Second, the leaders shall energise and motivate the followers. Third, the leaders shall set and enforce absolute standards of behaviour, attitude, presentation and performance.