A Better Tomorrow: Through Science Fiction Literature
Science fiction movies often depict the consequences of failing to slow the damage to the environment in the science fiction movie, The Day After Tomorrow, the weather on earth begins to do strange things. The ice caps start to melt and break, tornados rip through Hollywood, and tsunamis flood the coast. Jack Hall, a climatologist, explains global warming and the melting of the ice caps is to blame for this weather. He predicts the North Atlantic current will shut down, and the northern states will see the next ice age. The vice president dismisses his claims until his predictions come true in the following days. Eventually, the air in the north gets so cold that people seem to freeze within seconds resulting in a nearly unsurvivable ice age where people in the north must stay inside near a fire to survive. The dystopian future depicted in the movie The Day After Tomorrow reflect societal anxieties about earth’s changing climate.
The Day After Tomorrow reflects American anxieties about the United States failing to address climate change. A huge climate change argument arose in 2001 when newly elected president George W. Bush opted out of the Kyoto Protocol. Wikipedia explains the Kyoto Protocol:
“The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty which extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits State Parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the premise that (a)
The UNFCCC was established in 1994 to address climate change at an international level. Since then, the parties to the convention (including the EU) meet annually in Conferences of the Parties. The Kyoto Protocol (1997) set an obligation for developed countries to lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, through setting national targets, using 1990 as a base level. The UK has been one of only a few countries to comply with the international obligation and has reduced GHG emissions since 1990.
Emmerich specifically chooses Americans to be the main victims of the supernatural effects given rise to by global warming. His message is made immediate: Americans are the primary contributors of global warming, and therefore will be the main victims of their own actions. By targeting Americans, Emmerich appeals through pathos and engenders a special relationship between the audience and the movie. Emmerich intends to make Americans realize that they are causing global warming. Emmerich’s choice in purposely targeting Americans might be because they make up the main audience and generate more revenue for the film than any other country. This film is relatable to the audience because most Americans are indifferent to the effects that global warming causes. Again, Emmerich tries to emphasize that heating of the earth’s surface is a
The UNFCCC is working with the various governments around the world to stabilize the amount of greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere to keep the planet from warming more than 2ºC above pre-industrial temperatures (Watts, 2015). The most noted of the work is the annual Conference of the Parties (COP) meetings that began with COP1 in Berlin back in 1995. The COP3 adopted the Kyoto Protocol, even though it wasn’t fully accepted by all member nations. The COP21 was an effort to legally bind members to their submitted plans of Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs), defining what level of greenhouse gas production each nation would commit to not exceeding from 2025-2030. Prior to the INDCs, a bleak outlook was forecast in 2009-2010 of global temperature rising between 4-5ºC. That figure was restated by the UNFCCC prior to the COP21 in Paris, to below 3ºC, due to the commitments of the INDCs (Watts, 2015).
Power and control plays a big role in the lives many. When power is used as a form of control, it leads to depression and misery in the relationship. This is proven through the themes and symbolism used in the stories Lesson before Dying, The fun they had, The strangers that came to town, and Dolls house through the median of three major unsuccessful relationship: racial tension between the African Americans and the caucasians in the novel Lesson before Dying, Doll’s House demonstrates a controlling relationship can be detrimental for both individuals and The Stranger That Came To Town along with The Fun They Had show that when an individual is suppressed by majority they become despondent.
The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement framed into the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It was raised the 11th of December of 1997 in the
The concern of global warming contains many arguments, as presented by DiCaprio on Earth Day 2016. First of all, his speech explores
Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement that aims to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the presence of greenhouse gases. Countries that ratify the Kyoto Protocol are assigned different maximum carbon emission levels and can participate in carbon credit trading. Demanding more than the assigned limit will result in a penalty for the violating country in the form of a lower emission limit in the following period.
Climate change is a hot-button topic in politics, conversation, and education. Both sides of the ongoing debate claim disastrous consequences. On one hand, the view of an economic focus could make the market worse. On the other, the end of life as we know it. This is a comparison essay between Al Gore 's documentary a vocal advocate for global warming reform and a film made by deniers.
Greenhouse gases alike water vapor, carbon dioxide, ozone and methane produced by power plants, transportation and factories are considered as the main driver for climate change with devastating impact on nature. Most recent efforts of global players ‘going green’ by offering carbon neutral products are quite unlikely able to stop global warming (John Gapper, 2006 and Heide Bachram, 2004). Hence, its again the governments responsibility to foster emission reductions by means of tagging a price to emission. U.N.’s famous Kyoto Protocol is an agreement on environment and sustainable development which was defined to support and monitor governments’ effort to reduce
The first decade of the 21st century has generated unprecedented levels of environmental awareness and activity around the globe. Front-page headlines increasingly warn of a planet at the brink of calamity, with ever-increasing rates of industrialization and consumerism that are rapidly depleting the world 's supply of natural resources and threatening to permanently alter the earth 's climate. At the box office in 2006, Al Gore 's An Inconvenient Truth eclipsed summer blockbusters and became a revolutionary documentary. The shocking images of melting ice caps, devastating natural disasters, droughts, oppressive heat waves, disease and famine, and all of the direct or indirect perils of unchecked human industry and greenhouse gas emissions captured the nation 's attention and propelled global warming into everyday vocabulary (Guggenheim, An Inconvenient Truth). This popular awareness and urgency is spurring change in every corner of society as governments, organizations, and individuals reexamine their impacts on the environment and adopt sustainable or "green" measures to reduce those impacts. Every aspect of life must be reexamined to determine sustainable opportunities for reducing carbon emissions and climate change through conservation practices and alternative technologies, such as biofuels.
Japan and negotiated the Kyoto Protocol treaty (Global Warming and Climate Change). The Kyoto Protocol treaty demanded that industrialized countries reduce their greenhouse emissions by a definite percentage in the course of five years (Global Warming and Climate Change). This sounded ideal to many countries, however, problems quickly arose with certain countries. The Kyoto Protocol treaty was mostly favored by developed countries. But, the U.S felt it was unfair that China and India produced the most greenhouse gases but, were seen as undeveloped countries so, they were not required to cut down on greenhouse gas emissions. Also, the U.S felt that
The purpose of this essay is to review the major characteristics of the Kyoto Protocol’s compliance mechanism and its function. The essay will address the structural elements of the compliance system and how these are integrated and how they operate. Further the essay will discuss the general operation of both the Enforcement Branch and the Facilitation Branch and the powers available to the compliance committee to ensure compliance or resolve issues. Finally, the essay will provide an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses inherent within this system.
The Kyoto protocol is an agreement between nations to enter into commitment to reach gas reduction targets. These targets are not specified by the Kyoto Protocol. This initiative emerged from the belief that developed nations were the main and highest contributors to the current high levels of greenhouse gas emissions. This agreement was adopted in Kyoto Japan on the 11 December 1997. The Kyoto
1. The problem of Global Warming has been one that has increased dramatically throughout the past 150 years. This is thought to be due to increased industrialisation throughout the world in this time and this is backed up by the fact that approximately 97%(NASA, n.d.) of scientists worldwide believe that it is strongly likely the increasing global climate is due to human activity. International cooperation is required in order to solve the problem of global warming as it takes a global effort to solve a global problem. In order to reduce worldwide carbon emissions that lead to global warming, every country has to work together in order for real progress to eventuate. It isn’t good enough for most countries to reduce their carbon emissions while the main emitters like USA and China, continue to emit almost as much as the rest of the nations in the agreement. The Kyoto Protocol was created in 1997 to encourage the governments around the world to reduce their greenhouse-gas emissions. The specific goal was that countries should try to reduce their carbon emissons by 5.2% below their 1990 level by 2012. This 5.2% is a collective goal however and different countries had different targets, for example developed countries such as the USA had higher targets to reach (reduce emissions by 7%) whereas developing countries were able to increase their emissions slightly. This is because the developing countries were not the ones responsible for the initial
In response to growing concerns over the increasing concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, many nations came together in 1992 to sign the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992). This voluntary agreement pledged that member nations would work to reduce greenhouse emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2000. As it became apparent that major nations such as the United States would not be able to meet these guidelines, the parties to the treaty decided in 1995 to start negotiations for a protocol that would legally bind nations to reductions and limitations in greenhouse gas emissions (Congressional Research Service Report 98-2). These negotiations took place in Kyoto, Japan and were