Wendy Smith
Literature Review and Appraisal of Evidence
Weber State University
Literature Review and Appraisal of Evidence
PICO Question: For pregnant women considering breastfeeding (P), does a prenatal breastfeeding course (I), as compared to not attending a prenatal breastfeeding course (C) affect the length of exclusive and successful breastfeeding (O)?
Part I: Identification of Research Evidence
Article #1:
Shu-Shan, L., Li-Yin, C., Chen-Jei, T., & Ching-Fang, L. (2008). Effectiveness of a prenatal education programme on breastfeeding outcomes in Taiwan. Journal Of Clinical Nursing, 17(3), 296-303.
Article #2:
Keresztes, C., & Schmidt, M. (2012). Prenatal breastfeeding class evaluation. Kingston, Ontario: Kingston,
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Statistical Product and Service Solutions for Windows (SPSS) 12.0 software package and SAS 8.0 software. SPSS 12.0 was used for all statistical analysis except linear regression which used SAS 8.0.
Article #2
Component
Appraisal Comments
Author & Publication Year
Keresztes, C., & Schmidt, M. (2012)
Purpose and Research Question
Determine whether a prenatal breastfeeding workshop increased breastfeeding self-efficacy and exclusive breastfeeding in expectant mothers.
Research Design
Quasi-experimental design, one group pre-test and post-test design
Sample (describe)
162 mothers and 100 partners or coaches from 22 breastfeeding classes held over a one-year period
Setting (describe
Breastfeeding education course and at home over the phone
Human Rights Protection
IRB standards were met - Participants were asked to sign consent form at the beginning of the class indicating their willingness to participate in the evaluation. All participants were given a card to mail in if they did not want to be contacted for the follow-up telephone calls.
Results
In completing post-class questionnaires, participants scored significantly higher for breastfeeding knowledge, rated breastfeeding as significantly more important, and cited significantly higher confidence levels in breastfeeding than in pre-class questionnaires. In the 6-week postpartum interview, 70 of the original 153 mothers were interviewed. 91% were
The immediate and long-term benefits of breastfeeding have been demonstrated. Mothers are encouraged to begin breastfeeding immediately after delivery, however mothers choosing to breastfeed find numerous challenges once returning to work. There are not appropriate accommodations to support nursing mothers in the workplace. Although there are laws in place to support accommodations in the workplace these laws are not enforced and therefore it is virtually impossible for mothers to continue to breastfeed as a result of the significant barriers they face to effectively find suitable accommodations in the workplace. There needs to be a standard for enforcing these policies if the goal is to move toward encouraging all mothers to breastfeed throughout the first six months of life.
AHRQ. (2009). Breastfeeding, Maternal & Infant Health Outcomes. Retrieved January 22, 2015, from Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality: http://archive.ahrq.gov/clinic/tp/brfouttp.htm
breastfeed agree that they feel a closer bond with their children after breastfeeding and are able to better understand their child’s wants (Newman and Pitman 14). In The Surgeon General’s Call to Action to Support Breastfeeding the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services reports that breastfeeding can reduce risk of postpartum depression, a condition that affects 13 percent of mothers, causing them to be upset and even angry at their child for crying, as well as other serious symptoms that can affect the mother’s mental state (3). They also found that a
Instead many mothers decide to breastfeed based on the benefits to the baby. Breastfeeding in the relation of a bottle feeding group tends to realize it as difficult and uncomfortable.
Having a baby and being flexible is really important when it comes to bottle feeding and breastfeeding. Bottle feeding makes this a little harder because of heating to the bottle, measuring, and sometimes trying to find a bottle. Breastfeeding make this a little easier because if you pump milk the night before, you can have up to three bottles for in the refrigerator. Sometimes if you do not have any milk in a bottle, one can also just let the baby breastfeed by sucking on the nipple. Serena Meyer and Ryan Teglene explain in their article
Two authors independently evaluated each article for relevant using a predefined set of criteria. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were specified and were appropriate for the review. The researchers were concerned with the effect education and support for the mothers had on the exclusive breastfeeding rates of healthy newborns. Inclusion criteria included randomized controlled trials (RCT) or quasi-experimental trails. The types of articles included are those that discussed interventions through education or support given to the mother prenatal/postnatal, or a combination. All delivery types were included. For
Student Research Committee, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Nursing and Midwifery School, Mashhad University of Medical Science,
I have chosen breastfeeding as my teaching topic for this assignment. The specific clientèle will be the new mother at between 2 and 7 days postpartum, newly discharged from hospital. As a community health nurse working with children and young families, I do initial postpartum visits at home. Breastfeeding is a very complex skill, natural, yet sometimes difficult to do. The client is often overwhelmed with information received in hospital, so sessions must be kept short, and made easy to understand. The area in which I work is multicultural. There is often a language barrier which further complicates
To be successful, the mother should initiate breastfeeding as soon as possible after delivery (Nagtalon-Ramos, 2014). The mother should be taught the many breastfeeding positions by healthcare staff (Nagtalon-Ramos, 2014). These positions are as follows: Cradle hold, cross cradle or transitional hold, clutch or football hold, and the side lying position (Nagtalon-Ramos, 2014). Allowing the infant to consume no other food or drink other than breast milk will help to promote successful breastfeeding (Nagtalon-Ramos, 2014). Furthermore, having the mother and baby together twenty-four hours a day and breastfeeding on demand will assist in successful breastfeeding
In this video Jenn Anderson presents her ideas on how our culture could better support breastfeeding mothers (Anderson, 2014). One of the first items Anderson advocates for is having positive lactation support and birthing supports present to facilitate this process at the time of birth (2014, 1:21). In the United States very little insurances pay for lactation specialists, birthing doulas or birthing supports outside the realm of labor and delivery teams; this includes publicly funded birth’s highest payee Medicaid (Kozhimannil, et al., 2016). In addition, Anderson also vies for work environments that support breastfeeding mothers by creating
Researched Evidence that Identifies Benefits of Breastfeeding to the Child, the Mother, and the Entire Family
For thousands of years, breastfeeding has been the main source that women have had to feed their babies. In today’s society, however, breastfeeding has become a controversial issue due to the increased sexualization of the female body, especially women’s breasts. This same society has failed to consider the benefits that breastfeeding mothers offer to society and, most importantly, the benefits breastfeeding offers to children. It is important to consider and remember that breastfeeding is natural and nursing mothers should be free to nurse everywhere because it is their legal right, it is the first source of nutrition for their children, it eliminates excess waste in the environment, and it benefits society.
Result: Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was 50.1%. Mothers with young infants (0 1month) [AOR=3.86(1.64, 9.07)], unemployed [AOR=3.01(1.46, 6.20)], low income [AOR= 3.61(1.75, 7.45)], got breastfeeding counseling on pregnancy [AOR= 2.76 (1.52, 4.99)], fed colostrum [AOR=3.50(1.45, 8.45)], didn 't give prelacteal food [AOR=4.48(1.82, 11.03)] and supported by
We explored the bond created between mother and child, the health benefits for babies, and the many ways in which a mother benefits from breastfeeding.
Breastfeeding is an experience that is foreign for most people until they actually experience it. I had limited knowledge of breastfeeding until I interviewed my friend who currently has two children. Before she had her first child, she read a lot of books and watched a lot of videos, but they still didn’t quite capture the experience. She is a nurse and with her healthcare background, she felt confident about the importance of breastfeeding her children, especially in the first 6 -12 months. Before her baby, she was worried about the physical process and what it would feel like. After birth, she was more worried about her baby being able to breastfeed. For the first few weeks, her baby was having a hard time breastfeeding and she had to occasionally