Prepared by Michael Ling
LITERATURE REVIEW SAMPLE SERIES NO. 7 Thompson, C. J., Locander, W. B., & Pollio, H. R. (1990). The Lived Meaning of Free Choice: An Existential-Phenomenological Description of Everyday Consumer Experiences of Contemporary Married Women. Journal of Consumer Research, 17(3), 346-361. AND Zeithaml, V. A., Berry, L. L. & Parasuraman, A. (1993). The Nature and Determinants of Customer Expectations of Service. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 21(1), 1-12.
Prepared by Michael Ling Email: msc_ling@yahoo.com.au
Note: Michael Ling is the sole author of this document. You’re welcomed to use its contents but, as a courtesy, please quote the source of this paper http//www.michaelling.net/
Page 1
…show more content…
Zeithaml et al. (1993) - a case of ‘Positivist’ research. In positivists‟ views, the nature of reality is considered objective and external to the human mind and the purpose of research is to discover universals about an external reality, which is in contrast to the views of the interpretivists that reality is socially constructed and “there are no universals that humans can know without doubt” (Willis 2007). In exploring the nature of customer expectations in the service context, Zeithaml et al. (1993) have taken a positivist stance to conduct an exploratory (or qualitative) research to understand the “different types of customer expectations and their sources” in order to develop a conceptual model of customer expectations of service. The objective of their research is focused on the explanation (erklärung), as opposed to understanding (verstenhen), of human behaviors, which is the main thrust of positivist approach. Purposive sampling has been used to ensure that there is sufficient coverage for “contexts where different sources and types of customer expectations might exist.” In total, there are 16 focus group interviews that comprise of eight business firms from selected service industries, with customers of five of these firms representing the consumer segment and customers of the remaining firms
In this way, both the individual consumer and the business customer have the same basic factors motivating their decision, but with very different reasons for doing so. By looking at the customer analysis, it is apparent how Enterprise has tailored its services to satisfy the needs of the consumers.
In this reading, I will be discussing the different categories in which advertisers have placed consumers to distinguish them from one another using their values, attitudes, and life-style. According to the writer of American culture and advertisement James B. Twitchell, “the object of much consumer research is not to try to twist their feathers so that they will flock to your product, but to position your product in such a place that they will have to fly by it and perhaps stop to roost. After roosting, they will eventually think that this is part of their flyway and return to it again and again” (p. 178). The proposition of stereotyping consumer lifestyles is a very effective way of marketing goods and services. The VALS2 strategy of marketing segment, target, and position used by advertisers is based on research; which means, marketers know more about consumer behaviors than what we think. This is an important issue because it’s necessary to raise awareness in society about the advantages and disadvantages that this can bring. After having evaluated all given points; this article is an eye opener for those who have any doubts about what consumers mean to large companies and advertisers.
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the challenges in providing quality care to the elderly. I will conduct an evidenced-based literature review addressing quality improvement initiatives and programs for older adults. Following the literature review, I will describe barriers and solutions of quality programs and initiatives for older adults. Lastly, I will identify the future impact on nursing care of older adults resulting from this experience.
This paper has been donated as a guide. Please do not copy my work. Please cite your sources including my paper if you use it. Thank you.
The customers buy services for the value they find in the “encounter” of the services.
The Robustness of the Effects of Consumers’ Participation in Market Research that pointed out three different point of customer service.” The first expecting to evaluate on the service provider’s performance evaluation is enduring and lasts beyond the immediate aftermath of the service
In what stage of the consumer decision making process is Josh when he becomes concerned if the video game he downloaded will be enjoyed by his friends?
The Author of the article, Sharon E. Rydon, has undertaken this research as a partial fulfilment of a Master’s degree, training to be
Information and communication technology has been adopted and implemented within various sectors of the economy. This is attributed to the benefits of technology in facilitating organizational activities and processes and its use in meeting the changes which characterize the modern society. The health sector is one of the industries which have significantly implemented technology. The health sector’s technological applications have been achieved within health information systems. The implementation of technology in this sector has resulted into both positive and negative implications on health
In this section, I will break down the common consumer in attempt to understand what sways him/her into purchasing certain goods—especially those that “they do not need” In addition, I will discuss how consumers determine a certain product to be “worth it”
The need for oncology services are reaching an all-time high as the number of individuals diagnosed with cancer is rising dramatically. Outpatient oncology clinics are experiencing increasing demands and workloads, resulting in delays in operational clinic flow leading to increased patient wait times and decreased patient satisfaction. In an effort to improve wait times and satisfaction levels, organizations are exploring new processes and models to streamline and optimize clinical flow. Visit-decoupling is considered as a workflow process that could improve operational efficiencies; thus, ultimately improving wait times and patient experience and satisfaction. A comprehensive literature review and analysis was undertaken. In this paper,
Consumerism is a description of society’s lifestyle in which many people embrace to achieve their goals by acquiring goods that they clearly do not need (Stearns, 7). The idea that the market is shaped by the choice of the consumers’ needs and wants can be defined as a consumer sovereignty (Goodwin, Nelson, Ackerman, Weisskopf, 2). This belief is based on the assumption that the consumer knows what it wants. Contrary to this logic, marketers convince us that the consumer does not know what they want. The consumer has to be told what they want or be persuaded by advertising items in a matter that demonstrates the reason a product makes their life easier or will improve their life instantly. As one of the most successful entrepreneurs,
The essence of this project is grounded in the understanding of the student-teacher relationship. In examining current literature that relates to this focus, there are evident themes that arise from the research. This research project will attempt to interpret the influence gender has on the student-teacher relationship by analyzing teacher-student interactions, classroom participation, and discipline. Some researchers suggest that the way a teacher is perceived during the first encounter with students resembles future classroom interactions as perceived by students. For example, Sadker (1993) examined the teacher-student interactions in relation to teacher and student gender. He found that male and female teachers tend to initiate interactions with male students more than female students. The study brings to light a possible disengagement of the female student body with their teachers, especially the male teacher, not only due to the lack of male teachers in their educational history, but also due to the tendency of the teacher, male and female, to initiate more interactions with male students rather than female students. These interactions can be detrimental to not only the student’s relationships with their male teachers, but also to their educational experience and future relationships with teachers of the male gender.
The influence of strain on the mobility of intrinsic silicon was first observed in 1954 by C.S Smith [19]. The origin of strained Si film grown on relaxed SiGe can be traced to the 1980s [19]. While strain effects were not largely exploited, it was in the early 1990s that the strain was once again revived at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA on process induced and biaxial strain. In 1992, the first n-channel MOSFET with a strained Si channel exhibiting a 70% higher mobility was demonstrated [19]. The commercial adoption of strain technology was followed in 90 nm technology node by all major semiconductor companies like AMD, Integrated
Company XYZ’s die converting production area has experienced waste due to scratching and delamination which cause scrap. Parts being scraped cause a reduction in profits and a decrease in production capacity for the company. The study leveraged Six Sigma techniques to pinpoint and address the waste created in the manufacturing process and will propose solutions to the manufacturing system. The primary manufacturing processes in the privacy filter manufacturing operation included steel rule die converting, sacrificial premask removal, and manual inspection. Based on the production methods listed, the literature was reviewed on manufacturing, six sigma, DMAIC, root cause analysis, and waste.