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Luke's Three Dimensions of Power

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Luke's Three Dimensions of Power

"Power serves to create power. Powerlessness serves to re-enforce powerlessness"(Gaventa,1980:256). Such is the essence of the on going relationship between the Powerful and the Powerless of the Appalachian Valley where acquiescence of the repressed has become not only common practice but a way of life and a means of survival. In his novel Power and Powerlessness, John
Gaventa examines the oppressive and desperate situation of the Appalachian coal miners under the autocratic power of absentee land-owners, local elites, and corrupt union leaders. His analyses is based on Lukes three-dimensional understanding of power from his book Power: A Radical View. Gaventa applies the three notions of power to …show more content…

Both Lukes and Gaventa put forward the notion that restricting your analyses of a power situation to the one dimensional model can skew your conclusions. If you limit yourself to this approach your study will be impaired by a pluralistic biased view of power. Where the first dimension sees power in its manifest functions of decision making over key issues raising observable conflict due to policies raised through political participation, it ignores the unobservable mechanisms of power that are sometimes just as or even more important. Many times power is exercised to prevent an issue from being raised and to discourage participation in the political arena. Potential issues and grievances are therefore not voiced and to assume this means that they do not exist would be an outright deviation from fact. By restricting analyses to what is expressed and to observable behaviour and overt conflict only, you miss any preference not expressed because of fear of sanctions, manipulation, coercion and force. This critique of the behaviourial focus and the recognition of unobservable factors of power is discussed in the two-dimensional view of power developed by Bachrach and Baratz by which "power is exercised not just upon participants within the decision making process

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