Market Analysis : Market Failure

A monopoly is advantageous to the society and is encourages by the government if there are high fixed costs and very strong economies of scale. At the same time, it could also lead to unequal distribution of wealth; containment of consumer choice; lobbying and unethical spending.

As of now, you are all most likely aware that our nation’s economy is rapidly declining because of the stock market crash. What you may not know is that your father and I have lost our life’s savings because of it. You see, your father and I decided to invest in some shares, hoping to make a profit in the long run. What a mistake that turned out to be! Although we only used a miniscule portion of our money, we bought the stocks on a margin, receiving loans from the bank. When the market crashed, our bank announced that all loans must be fully paid off.

Approach 1: Taxes can be used to force businesses to pay for external costs. When a business’ action creates a cost, it would be taxed to pay for damages. This approach can be hard to use. How do we prove that a particular business caused harm? How much should damages cost? If the “right” amount is chosen, businesses will find other ways to create or offer goods and services because the taxes are too much. But sometimes the costs decided by legislatures, government agencies, or judges are not enough to stop an externality. Businesses decide it is more profitable to pay the tax than change its actions.

Market failure is a failure when markets yield an inefficient output of resources leading to negative impacts on the society, nonrivalrousness in consumption and nonexclusiveness in use. Eg: the monopoly is an abuse of market power causing stagnation and idleness.

What is an externality? Provide at least three examples. How does one of the examples you provided affect the market outcome? What is the role of government in addressing the implications of an externality you provided as an example? Is it possible that a government’s solution to a market failure would worsen the failure? Explain your answer.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Externalities A) cannot be expressed in dollar amounts. B) always make society better off. C) are always part of private costs or private benefits. D) always create extra social costs. E) can be either benefits or costs. Answer: E

17) The general term for market structures that fall somewhere in-between monopoly and perfect competition is __________.

1A. Market failure is a situation in which the allocation of goods and services is not efficient. In any given market, the quantity of a product demanded by consumers does not equate to the quantity supplied by suppliers. This is a direct result of a lack of certain economically ideal factors, which prevents equilibrium.

In conclusion, the consumption of cars creates both positive and negative externalities. However the negative externalities it is more than its positive externalities so producers tend to overvalue and over produce. The government tries to intervene by imposing taxes on the production of cars. However this is not usually effective as the imposion of taxes depends on the elasticity of the product.The demand of cars is not price elastic.

Government intervention corrects market failure resulting in environmental sustainability and improved accessibility to services. Goods or services with negative externalities are market failures because the operation of the price mechanism

Changes to indirect taxes in particular can have an effect on the pattern of demand for goods and services. For example, the rising value of duty on cigarettes and alcohol is designed to cause a substitution effect among consumers and thereby reduce the demand for what are perceived as “de-merit goods”. In contrast, a government financial subsidy to producers has the effect of reducing their costs of production, lowering the market price and encouraging an expansion of demand.

Competition failure or monopoly may result from natural monopoly where it costs incurred in production becomes lower when only one firm is involved in production than several firms producing the same output. In a monopolist market under-production, higher prices become dominant contributing to market inefficiency. Winston cites cases of misuse of monopoly power can lead to market failures and sometimes may lead to acute shortage of essential commodities (130).

There are also solutions to a positive externality. That is to get the decision maker to internalize the external effect. The difference with this and the negative externality is that with the negative externality they would have to try to get the decision maker to see higher costs and with the positive externality the government needs to somehow make the decision more appealing to the private decision-maker.

externalities keep the market from reaching allocative efficiency because the gains or losses generated are external to the pricing system; they are unpriceable. The transaction costs of externalities misallocation of resources or a failure of the market economy to generate a Pareto optimum. positive externalities 3 types of interventions the government may engage in:

Market failure is a concept within economic theory describing when the allocation of goods and services by a free market is not efficient. That is, there exists another