Measuring Intelligence Through Objective, Culturally Unbiased Testing

As scientists continue to their research, fundamental questions about intelligence are brought to the surface.

Bibliography Brainmetrix.com. “Intelligence definition.” Brain Metrix. 2007. Web. 14 Jan. 2016. Breyer, Melissa, and 25 p. Which of the 8 kinds of intelligence do you have? MNN - Mother Nature Network, 13 Jan. 2016. Web. 13 Jan. 2016. Gariépy, Jean-François. What is intelligence ? 31 Dec. 2012. Web. 14 Jan. 2016. “Human intelligence | psychology.” Encyclopædia Britannica. N.p.: Encyclopædia Britannica, 7 May 2015. Web. 14 Jan. 2016. Inc, Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster’s School Dictionary. Springfield, MA: Merriam Webster,U.S., 9 Apr. 2015. Print. Kaufman, Scott Barry. What do IQ tests test? Interview with psychologist W. Joel Schneider. Scientific American Blog Network, n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2016. Mann, Denise. “Does IQ test really measure intelligence?” WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2016. McLennan community college university. “What is intelligence.ppt.” Mccu.org. n.d. Web. 14 Jan. 2016. Miller, Max, et al. What is intelligence? Big Think, 2 Sept. 2010. Web. 13 Jan. 2016. Muehlhauser, Luke. “What is intelligence? - machine intelligence research institute.” Analysis. Machine Intelligence Research Institute, 19 June 2013. Web. 14 Jan. 2016. “The Difference Between Intelligence and Common Sense.” Quora. 20 Jan. 2015. Web. 20 Jan. 2016. “The Three types of intelligence you need for success.” Psychology Today, 7 Oct. 2013. Web. 20 Jan. 2016. Citations, Quotes & Annotations Brainmetrix.com. “Intelligence definition.” Brain Metrix. 2007. Web. 14 Jan. 2016. (Brainmetrix.com) "While

What is intelligence exactly? Intelligence is the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills or “the ability to learn and understand things to

Gottfredson, (1997) stated that intelligence is ‘a very general mental capability that, among other things, involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience.

Intelligence by definition is “the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills” (Oxford Dictionary, 2014). However, many psychologists argue that there is no standard definition of ‘intelligence’, and there have been many different theories over time as psychologists try to find better ways to define this concept (Boundless 2013). While some believe in a single, general intelligence, others believe that intelligence involves multiple abilities and skills. Another largely debated concept is whether intelligence is genetically determined and fixed, or whether is it open to change, through learning and environmental influence. This is commonly known as the nature vs. nurture debate.

It wasn’t until the year 1920 that different types of intelligence were defined. It was proposed by a man named EL Thorndike, and he separated the different types of intelligence into three categories: abstract, mechanical, and social intelligence. Years later, it was argued that social intelligence is somewhat

Society tends to measure and classify people by their intelligence, but what is intelligence? A tropical approach to Lifespan Development describes intelligence as “the ability to solve problems” and “the capacity to adapt and learn from experience.” However, some famous scientists and philosophers gave their own thoughts about intelligence, for example, Albert Einstein proclaimed "The true sign of intelligence is not knowledge but imagination" and on the other hand, Socrates said, "I know that I am intelligent because I know that I know nothing." I have believed that all concepts are different, but all of them are valid and relevant.

The following paper will discuss the author’s understanding of the four areas of cultural intelligence (CQ): drive, knowledge, strategy and action. It will further describe how CQ specifically affects the author, their personal CQ knowledge and information that could increase this knowledge.

I was born in China and moved to the United States when I was five. When I moved to the United States, I relocated around the Midwest before settling in Wisconsin for high school and middle school. Looking at the Cultural Intelligence assessment, I think I generally am strong in the Physical and Emotional/Motivation CQ. I generally do not tend to think about how I would approach or interact with individuals from a different cultures, resulting in a lower Cognitive CQ. Rather, I generally tend well to mirror individual’s physical gestures and body language as well as adapting to a lifestyle in a different culture. I think coming from a culture where individualism takes a back seat to conformity, moving to the United States was challenging. Furthermore,

This essay is going to discuss the role of intelligence in human beings examining both internal and external factors. Intelligence and whether it is innate or develops as one evolves, is one of humanity’s greatest debates. In everyday life one has to make decisions, solve problems and make sense of the world and what is happening in it. From an external point of view the intelligence of a human being develops through a constructive, cognitive process. Since the 1950s, cognitive developmental researches agree on the now nearly universal consensus that intellectual skills are the by-products of self-governed activity in relation to the world (Bruner, 1990; Gardner, 1985). Considering this, it is difficult to understand that scientists

This essay is going to discuss the role of intelligence in human beings examining both internal and external factors. Intelligence and whether it is innate or develops as one evolves, is one of humanity’s greatest debates. In everyday life one has to make decisions, solve problems and make sense of the world and what is happening in it. From an external point of view the intelligence of a human being develops through a constructive, cognitive process. Since the 1950s, cognitive developmental researches agree on the now nearly universal consensus that intellectual skills are the by-products of self-governed activity in relation to the world (Bruner, 1990; Gardner, 1985). Considering this, it is difficult to understand that scientists

The Intelligence Quotient (IQ) test was first developed in 1904 by Alfred Binet and has been used since to classify individuals usually students according to their performance on the test. "Supporters argue that IQ tests enable educators to identify gifted students, as well as those who need special help," (Gaunle, 2011). Medina (2002) notes that IQ tests have been misused but that they also end up "helping promising lower-class students get into good schools." In spite of their potential to reveal certain types of intelligence, IQ tests are deeply flawed in their design, their methodology, and their application in practice.

Terman (1921) describes intelligence as a person’s ability of abstract thinking (1921, cited in Heim, 1970). It seems that psychologists find it hard to reach an agreement to define intelligence, resulting in the final definition I will mention from Vernon (1969) “intelligence is what intelligence tests measure” (1969, cited in Howe, 1997). Although most definitions seem to have a similarity, the meaning of intelligence can vary over time and through cultures. It was once thought that intelligence was all down to a persons ability with spelling and arithmetic, whereas in the islands of the south pacific a persons ability to navigate the oceans and there spatial memory are the way to judge a persons intelligence level (MSN, 2005).

Intelligence tests are set and used to measure an individual’s general mental ability. In other words, unlike the tests and exams we take at school, intelligence tests test our intellectual potential rather than accumulated knowledge (Weiten & McCann, 2016). A key component to intelligence testing is looking at an individual’s mental age which is the mental development of a person relative to others (Tsuji, 2016). In 1904 Alfred Binet was asked to design a test that would identify children that are considered to be mentally subnormal (Weiten & McCann, 2016). Along with Theodore Simon, Binet created the first test of mental ability in 1905 (Weiten & McCann, 2016). He later revised the scale created to identify a child’s mental age in order to have a better judgement (Weiten & McCann, 2016). Following his death, other psychologist continued to build on the work he had begun this includes Lewis Terman and others at Stanford University. In 1916 the Stanford-Binet intelligence scale was published which stayed true to the original concept but used a new scoring method using the intelligence quotient (IQ) (Weiten & McCann, 2016).

Intelligence tests are the most widely used method for assessing intelligence. This method has developed greatly over the past several decades. However, intelligence tests have continually been scrutinized for various reasons and due to this criticism, one maycan suggest that intelligence tests may be inaccurate measurements of intelligence. This issue is important because, in today’s time, intelligence tests are used to determine various things that pertain to individuals, and it would be wrong that for an individual to be put in a category in which he or she does not fitis not to be in. The purpose of this paper is to prove this to its respective audience by looking at our current standards of intelligence tests, what intelligence tests cover, various flaws of intelligence and how to improve intelligence tests.