Measuring Reaction Rate Using Volume of Gas Produced

Introduction: In everything there are things called particles; and sometimes when two particles meet a chemical reaction occurs. Also, with different strategies the chemical reaction can be sped up or slowed down. This is measured with reaction rate which is used to measure the length of a chemical reaction.

A reaction rate is the speed at which a chemical reaction occurs. The reaction rate is affected by surface area by increasing the more surface area there is, because there are more particles exposed to the other reactant. For example, if a solid is grinded into a powder, the reaction rate will be quicker as there is more surface area.

As the temperature increases, so will the rate of enzyme reaction. However, as the temperature exceeds the optimum the rate of reaction will decrease.

Three factors that can affect the rate of reaction are temperature, pH and the salinity.

If different temperatures are used to catalyze enzyme activity, then the lowest temperature would produce the quickest reaction rate because enzymes can become denaturized at higher temperatures

Introduction: The rate expression for this reaction is of the form: rate = K(CV+)M(OH-)N Where k = re constant, m is the order of the reaction with respect to the concentration of CV+, and n is the order of the reaction with respect of OH-. In the experiment the concentration of OH- is purposely made 1000 times larger then Concentration of CV+. Thus, the concentration of OH- changes so little during the

Temperature affects the rate of which the enzyme reacts, enzymes react typically faster in hotter temperatures than colder. Ph levels that are extremely low or high can stop enzyme activity completely or slow them down.If there is more enzyme concentration the reaction is quicker because enzymes become constant. Also if substrate activity increases, so the reaction time speeds up until maximum is reached.

Introduction: In all matter there are small substances, called molecules. When two of these molecules collide with sufficient energy, there is a chance of a successful chemical reaction, this is the collision theory. These chemicals reactions are effected by a variety of outside factors and the duration for a reaction to occur is called the reaction rate. Reaction rate can be measured once the product has been created or when the reactant is spent. (Collision theory and rates of reaction, 2013)

Chemical kinetics is the study and discussion of chemical reactions with respect to reaction rates, effect of various variables, re-arrangement of atoms, and many other aspects of chemistry (http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh/cact/c123/chmkntcs.html). The rate of a reaction can be measured by the rate at which a reactant is used up, or the rate at which a product is formed(http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_edexcel/chemical_reactions/ratesrev1.shtml). Time it takes for a reaction to occur is affected by temperature, which works with the

Reactions occur everywhere, and they may take decades, such as fossils, or only seconds, such as lighting a match to occur. “Chemical kinetics concerns the rates of chemical reactions” and what factors affects these rates (Iodine Clock, 2017). “Temperature, concentration, pressure of reacting gases, surface area of reacting solids and the use of catalysts are all factors which affect the rate of a reaction” (Bbc.co.uk, 2017). This is because they affect the reaction roles and yields of activation energy, product management and reactant management (William, 2017). This is accomplished by “making changes to the concentration, pressure or temperature of a reaction to alter the position of the equilibrium” (Bbc.co.uk, 2017).

The concentration of enzymes and substrates affects the rate of reaction, as the concentration of the enzyme and substrate is increased, the velocity of the reaction proportionately increases. By increasing the concentration of substrate it will gradually increase the velocity of enzyme reaction within the restricted range of substrate levels.

Several factors affect the rate of an enzymatic reaction. This includes temperature and substrate concentration. Normally, increasing temperature increases the rate of reaction; however, when the environment gets too hot, the enzyme will begin to denature (the breakdown of a protein out of its 3 dimensional shape. When the enzyme loses its shape, it also loses its function.) Also, substrate concentration has a direct relationship with an enzymatic reaction. Generally, the greater the substrate concentration the higher rate of a reaction until it reaches its maximum, then it will remain at the constant rate.

Chemical kinetics involving reaction rates and mechanisms is an essential part of our daily life in the modern world. It helps us understand whether particular reactions are favorable and how to save time or prolong time during each reaction. Experiment demonstrated the how concentration, temperature and presence of a catalyst can change the rate of a reaction. 5 runs of dilution and reaction were made to show the effect of concentration on chemical reactions. A certain run from the previous task was twice duplicated to for a “hot and cold” test for reaction rate. The prior run was again duplicated for a test with

Background Information: A chemical reaction is the change of a substance into a new one that has a different chemical identity (Chemical Reaction , 2015). It rearranges the atoms of the reactants to create different chemical elements or compounds. Chemical reactions occur because an atom is trying to get a full outer shell of electrons. A chemical reaction is usually accompanied by easily observable physical effects such as the emission of heat and light, precipitate, gas and colour change (Factors that affect reaction rates, 2015). When a chemical reaction is complete there will be stability, no further charge and no energy being released or absorbed. The rate of a chemical reaction is the speed at which the reaction occurs. Some reactions are essentially instantaneous while other may take decades. The factors that influence that the rates of chemical reactions include the temperature, the solvent, surface area and the presence of a catalyst (Factors that affect reaction rates, 2015) . Temperature increases the average kinetic energy making it move faster and collide more frequently, increasing the reaction rate (Reaction Rates, 2015). Solvent viscosity is the density and thickness of the solution. The more viscous the fluid, the more dense it will be and so it will take longer to diffuse causing the reaction time to be slower (Factors that affect reaction rates, 2015). The surface area is increased by grinding or cutting the substance into smaller pieces. If the surface

There are five main factors that affect that rate of a chemical reaction. These are the surface area of a solid reactant, the concentration and pressure of a reactant, temperature, the presence or absence of a catalyst and agitation. There is also another factor which is able to affect the rate which is the nature of the reactants.