Mechanical Heart Valve Research Paper

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation is an innovative therapy, compared with the existing traditional surgical aortic valve replacement, is less invasive, no need to thoracotomy, may be exempt or have shorten CPB time, has a smaller wound, shorter length of stay, and most importantly, for those patients unable to access by open surgery or when high surgical

There were no early or late postoperative deaths and we achieved 100% follow-up for included patients. No patient had aortic valve replacement after one year. Preoperatively the mean ejection fraction in group S was 62.33±4.39% while in group R was 59.53±6.10%, the width of the regurgitant jet in group S was 34.67±2.72 % and in the group, R was 35.73±1.87 % ( p-value non-significant). Postoperatively after 1 year follow up the width of the regurgitant jet in group S increased significantly to 37.27±4.67% ( p > 0.5) while in group S almost remained unchanged 34.73±4.13% ( p <

Located in between the left atrium and the left ventricle is the bicuspid or better known as the mitral valve. The mitral valve works to prevent the back-flow of blood into the left atrium once it enters the left ventricle. This action may become hindered when the mitral valve prolapses or in other words the valve becomes “floppy” and is no longer strong or tough enough to handle the normal stresses brought upon it. This condition is known as Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP). It is said to be one of the most common cardiac abnormalities in the general population, effecting 2-3%, approximately 7.8 million people in the United States and over 176 million people worldwide.

This retrospective analysis is on a class III medical device called the Micra Transcatheter Pacing System (TPS). The device is created by Medtronic Incorporated which is a company that focuses primarily on devices for cardio and vascular, restorative therapies, diabetes, and minimally invasive therapies. The target customers are those who have slow or irregular heartbeats that need to be monitored. This pacemaker is useful for patients who could have difficulties with the placement of traditional pacemakers, or would be better off with a single chamber pacemaker. The underlying technology used is a 1in long pacemaker that is placed directly into the right ventricle through the femoral artery using

In their research, Oterhals et al. (2013) reviewed several studies pertaining to heart valve replacement. For instance, they note that Koertke et al. (2003) had argued that heart valve replacement has become an everyday life saving practice for patients with heart valve problems. They also noted that Kvidal et al. (2000) had claimed that patients who had undergone mechanical aortic valve replacement had noticeable and obvious improved qualities of life and their life expectance was no different from those who had no valve replacement. They also reviewed a study by Nugteren and Sandau (2010), that describes how

The ideal prosthetic valve that combines excellent hemodynamic performance and long-term durability without increased thromboembolic risk or the need for long-term anticoagulation does not exist. Choice of operation and the prosthesis used for those patients undergoing valve replacement is important for each individual patient and ideally should be made together by the patient, cardiologist, and surgeon.

An estimated 200,000 aortic valve replacements are done yearly. Surgical valve replacements frequently use BP valves over mechanical valves. 2 All transcatheter valves are bioprosthetic (BP) and have been increasingly used in patients with severe aortic stenosis deemed to be at high surgical risk. 13 TAVR was

Artificial heart valve is a device implanted in the heart of a patient with valvular heart disease. When one of the four heart valves malfunctions, the medical choice may be to replace the natural valve with an artificial valve. This requires open-heart surgery. Valves are integral to the normal physiological functioning of the human heart. Natural heart valves are evolved to forms that perform the functional requirement of inducing unidirectional blood flow through the valve structure from one chamber of the heart to another. Natural heart valves become dysfunctional for a variety of pathological causes. Some pathologies may require complete surgical replacement of the natural heart valve with a heart valve prosthesis [34].The mid twentieth century kick started the

Prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) is caused by Effective orifice area provided by prosthetic valve which is small and Incompatible in relation to the body surface area (BSA) of the patient(1,2) . Despite of normal functioning prosthetic mitral valve, due to the small and incompatible EOA of the prosthetic valve, the mean gradient in postoperative period was found to be relatively high which is equivalent to mild-moderate mitral stenosis(2-4). Regression of left atrial pressure and pulmonary artery hypertension is prevented by PPM in the mitral position (5,6) . PHT causes right ventricular dysfunction thereby increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. As a result, prime objective of MVR is to restore normal PAP(7-9).

The current general recommendation for patients older than 60 to 65 years is a bioprosthetic valve and for patients less than 60 to 65 years is a mechanical valve. Patients older than 65 years typically do not outlive the life expectancy of a tissue valve. Therefore, implanting a tissue valve in an elderly patients can avoid anticoagulation and risk for bleeding. . Patients younger than 50 years are more likely to experience structural valve deterioration and a need for reoperation; so mechanical valves are generally recommended for younger patients. (Tilquist and Maddox

On the other hand, it might be argued that, artificial heart should not be used for several reasons. Firstly, each device is approximately, $300,000, which is extremely expensive and will only save the lives of few people, while by spending the same amount of money by increasing preventive programs; it is more likely to save more people (Caplan 2014). For instance, if artificial heart was provided for each person with heart disease, it would be billions of dollars for the healthcare budget (Caplan 2014). In addition, Dr Caplan at the Division of Medical Ethics at the NYU Langone Medical Center points out, “Artificial heart is not something you install and forget about; they require maintenance and check-ups” (Caplan 2014, Para 6). Other reason

"autologous tissue, indistinguishable in form and function from its native counterpart. The cardiovascular system has been identified as a target for tissue engineering since the inception of the field and the potential of tissue engineering to benefit patients with cardiovascular disease is even more relevant in the present day. Currently, cardiovascular disease accounts for 20% of global mortality and is the most common cause of death in adults within the United States (47). While significant strides have been made in medical management, surgical intervention requiring the use of prosthetic implants continues to be critical in many adult

Since 19th century, scientists have tried to develop a device which could temporary replace heart action (SynCardia n.d). In 1957, at Cleveland Clinic, DR. Kolff and Dr. Tetsuzo Akutsu implanted an artificial heart in animals such as dog which survived for roughly 90 minutes (SynCardia n.d). On December 1982, doctors put a permanent artificial heart in to Dr. Barney Clark , 61 years old dentist, as a result, he lived for 112 days, however, he was suffering due to hard condition after the operation (SynCardia n.d; Lewis 2016). After in 2004, the CardioWest became the first and only total artificial heart which approved by FDA and the name of SynCardia temporary CardioWest™ Total Artificial Heart was given within approval process (SynCardia

It’s not completely understood what the future holds for those who underwent this procedure but so far the research looks excellent. Risks of the procedure include the common risks associated with open heart surgery: stroke, bleeding, infection, organ damage, nerve damage, adverse reaction to anesthesia, requirement of a temporary/permanent pacemaker or possibly death. Also, Suture lines of the lengthy great vessels predispose these patients to postoperative bleeding. Blood loss at this time indicates the need for adequate drainage from the mediastinum to avoid cardiac tamponade while treating the coagulopathy. Based on 99% of all pediatric heart disease surgical procedures, the risk of these complications are less than 5%. In some cases

The artificial heart is a replacement for a heart that is failing or damaged. This Artificial, heart will take over the regular hearts job until a donor is ready to transplanted. The donor usually dies with a healthy heart. This heart will probity be in a healthy condition with no diseases in it . Most likely a victim of a car crash. This artificial heart functions like a normal heart, the heart has 4 parts to it the left ventricle the right ventricle the right atrium left atrium. The two atriums job is to receive and remove the blood from the heart. The ventricles on the other hand full the blood with the oxygen.Blood first enters through the right atrium that has little to no oxygen. The right ventricle pumps it in to the lungs where it