How is mercury contamination in aquatic ecosystems an environmental issue in Australia? Introduction to mercury contamination: Mercury is a naturally occurring element, which is released from the earth’s crust through a number of pathways. For instance, natural erosion of mercury containing rocks enable its transportation into the air and be washed off to waterways. Volcanic eruptions and geothermal activity also release mercury. Therefore, there are natural background levels of mercury. However, anthropogenic sources of mercury emissions following the industrial revolution has increased its mobilisation into the environment, consequencing in elevated levels of mercury in the atmosphere, soils, fresh-waters and oceans. In Australia, it is stated that natural sources contribute to 93% of total mercury emissions in Australia. Nevertheless, an important limitation to such modelled statics is the fact that they are unable to taken into account the percentage of those natural emissions that are actually mercury originating from anthropogenic sources being re-emitted. On a global scale, it is stated that while 10% of the total mercury emissions into the atmosphere annually is from natural sources and 30% is of anthropogenic origins, 60% of it is re-emission and re-mobilisation. Such re-emission results from the natural conversion of deposited inorganic and organic forms of mercury to elemental mercury, which is evaporative and thus readily returns to the air during forest
With the well-being of future generations in mind, environmental concerns have begun to establish a permanent residence atop the priority ladder for a vast array of Americans. Consequently, writers and political pundits alike are seizing this opportunity to capitalize on advocating their stance on the issue. Information, representing all positions, pours in at an unrelenting and unfathomable rate. For the average American it can be an arduous process sifting through all the rhetoric in attempt to find the real truth regarding our impact as humans on the environment; one such example is Susan Brown’s article The EPA’s Mercury Problem. In this article Brown attempts to expose hypocrisy among progressives by paralleling the Environmental Protection
Mercury is an element of the earth, and can take place naturally as well from manmade. Mercury continuously comes up towards the surface of the earth’s crust, because of the high temperature of the earth’s mantle, and this can make mercury a very mobile source. Surface rocks can contain high levels of concentrated mercury, which can add to the levels of emission standards of mercury. Natural sources can come from the earth crust, volcanoes, and erosion. Others are from weather, floods, and forest fires. This type of contamination is beyond mans control, and must be considered part of our atmosphere mercury levels. Scientist to this day have been struggling to separate the two from mans involvement to the natural output of mercury. Other
Additionally, the effect of mining rocks is clear all over the world. For instance, according to the book, ‘The Amazon Gold Rush and Environmental Mercury Contamination,” the author mentions mercury contamination of waterways in the Amazon around gold mines. The problem is the extensive effluent that is discharged into the rivers and streams. The effect on marine life can be deleterious. The importance of the Amazon area to sustain the global equilibrium in the environment has been recognized worldwide. This has been much more accentuated in the present days due to the intense debate related to global warming. Consequently, all initiatives or studies directed to a better knowledge and management of that huge environment are welcome and needed.
While liquid gold may be a modern allegory for something desirable, there is another liquid metal that is quite the opposite of desirable. Mercury is an unusual metal in that in its standard elemental form it is a liquid. Due to the increase in industry over the last 100 years, Mercury levels have risen, which cause serious damage to humans.
As already stated, many other locations around the world are affected by mercury poisoning and contamination. For example, Canada and Japan have an extensive history of mercury poisoning, including neurologic symptoms and contaminated fish. These studies have has been documented since the 1950’s in these locations. In fact, the contamination became so problematic the Ontario health department formed a task force on organic mercury in 1972. Further, recent protesting throughout Toronto has asked for Canada to address the contamination of mercury. Findings revealed levels of mercury exceeding those of international standards and included the highest recorded mercury contamination among in the western part of the world. (CITE 6)
It can be released anthropogenically, naturally or re-emitted by some combination of the previous two sources but most mercury was originally released from anthropogenic activities [8]. Burning fossil fuels and small-scale gold mining are the main sources of these anthropogenic emission [9].
Mercury is an element that can be found in our environment through air, water and soil. Being exposed to constant levels of mercury may be detrimental to one’s overall health since it can impact the nervous, digestive and immune systems of human (WHO). In 1960, the demand of Mercury (Hg) increased significantly as it was needed in many commercial and medical practices, despite its high toxicity levels (dwivedi). Thus, the increase in mercury consumption was due to industrialization. Mercury should be gaining increased medical concerns as it can impact the lives of several classes of society. In Canada, it is found that the vast majority of marine mammals contain methylmercury (MeHg) (Laird). Methylmercury is highly more lethal than Mercury
26 January 2009 a study published in the current issue of Environmental Health, researchers found detectable levels of mercury in nine of twenty samples of commercial HFCS.
such as trout and burbot (Hynes 1970). Warmer temperatures and changes in water quantity could therefore affect species composition and survival in the oil sands region.
One of the disadvantage of mercury is that it is toxic in nature due to which it has to be handled with care. Due to which it can result in death of people if they get mercury poisoning and if it is not treated in time. Due to mercury we are now able to make thermometers and barometers which has helped the people a lot. Due to it has helped us to find
Dr. Sharon Jean-Phillipe is an assistant professor of Urban Forestry at the University of Tennessee in the department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries. She has earned her Bachelors of Science in biology, Masters of Science in Botany, and Doctor of Philosophy in Natural Resources. Her speech on April 7th concerned the details of her dissertation research which studied the effects of mercury contaminants on tree diversity and soil composition.
Solar energy does not emit any of these gasses into our atmosphere. It also avoids polluting water, land and air which could threaten human and animal life. Coal power plants are the biggest producers of mercury in the us which has caused 44 states in the US to issue fish consumption advisories and warning because of the mercury laden on fish. Solar energy do not produce mercury.
Unfortunately, these pollutants can be carried in the atmosphere by weather systems. Thus, they can travel for hundreds of miles causing damage as they go. Acid deposits in the soil can have devastating affects in the forest. It gradually causes the loss of plant nutrients, calcium and magnesium. This leads to dying off of trees in the forest. Also, acid deposits in lakes and streams have led to a drop in fish production. Mercury is another source of pollution which can be harmful to humans and wildlife. It comes from the emissions of coal-burning power plants and is deposited into the air and water. This chemical damages the nervous system, and has a detrimental affect on reproduction and prenatal development.
The article describes briefly how the mercury ends up in the fish we eat, how the rain grabs the mercury from the atmosphere and deposits it into the lakes and oceans. Because of the food chain, the largest of the aquatic animals will have the highest amount of mercury, whales and sharks for example. So, communities high in whale and shark consumption will show the greatest risk of mercury poisoning.
People can come in contact with mercury in a number of ways. There is increased risk of mercury exposure in the dental, health and chemical industries. People are also at risk of consuming an unsafe amount of mercury if they eat certain things in excess amounts, such as more than 6 ounces of albacore tuna per week, or over 12 ounces of fish like shrimp, canned tuna, salmon, pollock or catfish. Exposure to mercury can cause brain damage, kidney damage, lung damage and various digestive system problems (McCoy). Perhaps the person most vulnerable to mercury poisoning is the pregnant woman and her unborn fetus. Trauma caused to infants and children as a result of