Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Research

Attention for traumatic brain injury has grown over the years and programs have been created to help try and prevent the injuries. As this is an injury to the brain the literature is vast with insight into what part of the brain injured resulted in what change in the individual. Children and athletics have been the main focus in recent years for studies as research have shown that undiagnosed injuries can have long lasting effects.

There are multiple symptoms associated with the receiving of a concussion, but there are three that are outstandingly common among the general population of victims of concussions. Those include sensory changes and deficits, emotional difficulties like depression, and an overall reduction in cognitive functioning. According to Moore, Broglio, and Hillman, a concussion is defined as “a complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain, induced by traumatic biomechanics forces.” Sport-Related Concussion and Sensory Function in Young Adults Simply stated, this means that a concussion is an injury that results from a traumatic blow to the brain. In recent years, concussions have been a popular topic in the media. Whether it be with regards

They are able to identity any suspected signs of concussions right away. (Broglio, 2008) Due to the numerous medical advancements, researchers have been able to understand what concussions are and the course of their recovery. This has dramatically improved the understanding of what a concussion is and how it affects the person. For example, the features of a concussion and the typical recovery. With all of the sports-related injuries, athletes have become the prime interest for researchers, specifically concussions. Sports-related concussions, or SRC, have researcher’s interest. They are looking for what acute injury factors and individual characteristics occur post concussive recovery. The researchers measured on the Glasgow Coma Scale, or GCS, it is very well known for its system with classifying TBI severity during an acute period. It was originally developed to assess a patient’s level of consciousness, using rating of eye, motor, and verbal responses. Researchers have found the following signs and symptoms of concussions. Observable features of altered mental status include: vacant stare, delayed verbal and motor responses, confusion or inability to focus attention, disorientation, slurred or incoherent speech, gross observable

Sports injuries are often thought of as being physically visible as soon as they happen. Many of these injuries are imagined to be bloody wounds, broken bones, or torn ligaments. Since injuries like the ones mentioned beforehand are visible with the naked eye, they are treated immediately and are not taken lightly. Concussions, on the other hand, are head injuries that cannot be seen with the naked eye. This is what makes concussions more frequent and dangerous to athletes. Concussions are “traumatically induced physiological disruption of brain function that can be caused by either a direct blow to the head or by indirect forces transmitted to the head” (Johnson 181). The symptoms of a concussion include, but are not limited to, headache, dizziness, loss of balance, and blurred vision (McCrea, Hammeke, Olsen, Leo, and Guskiewicz 15). Some patients may not experience any symptoms. Concussions cannot be diagnosed without extensive medical procedures so they are often overlooked. The effects of concussions are often mentally and physiological rather than physical. According to Dr, Syd Johnson, “concussions can result in deficits in attention and concentration, reaction time, processing speed and memory, and executive function” (Johnson 181).

With the growth of contact sports, such as football, hockey and wrestling, neurologists have seen a shocking rise in the number of reported concussions. Perhaps the greatest increase of SRCs have been seen in adolescents participating in organized team sports. In a 10-year span, emergency department visits for 8 to 13-year-old children doubled, while 14 to 19-year-olds nearly tripled (McCrea, Nelson and Janecek, 2014). The actual number of these concussions are thought to be higher than reported because the inclination of athletes to not recognize this injury.

Making sure the pediatric athlete and their parents understand and adhere to continued care is so vital. The first step after a hit to the head or an injury that causes the head to move back and forth, is to get evaluated and watch out for common signs and symptoms of a concussion. Common signs are: confusion, forgetfulness, disoriented, poor balance, altered speech, vision changes, and changes in behavior, personality, and mood. Continued care and assessment is important, because there can be short and long-term effects of concussions which affect thinking, learning, behavior, and emotions. After a concussion, a victim is supposed to rest and gradually return to the sport after being cleared by a physician. Following up with doctors is very important and waiting for the appropriate time to return to sports is

Concussions are becoming less of an issue due to better procedures and management. Many kids who are into contact sports will receive a concussion at some point in their career. This became a serious issue around the early 1990s and is now one of the most serious issues in today 's sports. The main concern is trying to know when kids are ready to get back onto the field. Coaches, doctors, and parents are getting worried about the safety of their kids and are skeptical about letting them continue in sports. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability in children around the world and accounts for approximately half of all trauma deaths (Di et al. 2). Only about ninety-percent of traumatic brain injuries are considered mild injuries, but the effects from them are still severe. Traumatic brain injuries are any type of head injury such as concussions or even contusions. Most kids and their parents do not know the basic facts about traumatic brain injuries which is hurting them in the long run. However, doctors are aiming to improve diagnosis, treatments, outcomes in the long run, and trying to get adult familiar with the process so they can help their children as well.

Physicians describe a concussion as an immediate and transient neural function post traumatic impairment such as vision disturbance, alteration of consciousness, and other signs which result from brainstem involvement. An impulsive force or direct head blows leading to head acceleration are the leading causes of concussion in sports. However, not all reported loss of consciousness mean it is a concussion. The public mostly associates concussion with sports such as football, ice hockey, and boxing and it is not a major problem in other sports. The assumption is that most of these sports-related traumatic brain injuries that occur are concussions. Sports concussion is a

Cerebral concussions have become a serious and important topic for athletic trainers and other health-care professionals’ .Athletics has become very popular and diverse in our society. With athletics, come many serious injuries including cerebral concussions. A cerebral concussion is defined as a transient neurological dysfunction of the brain resulting from a biomechanical force.1 A concussion is a subset of a mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) which is generally self-limited and at the less-severe end of the brain injury spectrum.2Sports-related concussions are occur frequently in contact and collision sports at all levels of play across a wide age range. Cerebral Concussions were once thought to be a nuisance injury, but it is now

This article focuses on the severity of contact sport related injuries, more specifically head injuries and concussions. This has been a hot top throughout many different professional organizations and it is often discussed how each organization should handle these types of injuries. More recently they have began to administer tests before each season so that when a head related injury occurs, team doctors can more easily determine whether or not the athlete should return to the field and when the appropriate time to do so is. Since the repercussions of allowing an athlete to return to quickly to play can leave long-term consequences, professional, college, and even high school teams have begun to take these injuries more seriously by administering these tests.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is becoming more prevalent every year, “with an incidence of about 100 to 300 per 100 000” (Konrad et al 2010). Mild traumatic brain injury or concussion can be the result of any minor trauma to the head from accident, sports related injury, blast injury, or fall. “Possible acute symptoms of mTBI comprise short-time unconsciousness, headache, dizziness, irritability, anxiety and impaired neuropsychological functions such as reduced attention, concentration or memory problems” (Evans, 1992; Hall et al. 2005 as cited by Konrad et al 2010). Some people who sustain a mTBI return to base level of function within hours and some take up to two months, there are even those that years later have not fully

Everyone is at risk for a traumatic brain injury (TBI), especially children and older adults. The severity of a TBI case may range from mild, which is a brief change in mental status or consciousness to moderate/severe, which is an extended period of unconsciousness or amnesia after the injury. Mild TBI is the most prevalent TBI and is characterized by unconsciousness and/or confusion and disorientation for less than 30 minutes caused by the forceful motion of the head or impact. While MRI and CAT scans are often normal, the individual may have mental problems such as headache, difficulty thinking, memory problems, attention deficits, mood swings and frustration. All of these injuries are often overlooked but they are extremely important to

Occupational therapy addresses impairments in different areas of occupation and teaches patients to adapt and learn new ways to perform the meaningful occupations successfully. Over the years, traumatic brain injury (TBI) has become the leading cause of disability and affects all age groups across the life span (Archer, Svensson, & Alricsson, 2012). TBI, is often a serious injury that occurs as a result of an accident or other trauma. When an individual experiences a traumatic brain injury, their life is normal one moment and shortly changed the next. When a person’s brain is injured, it can affect all aspects of their life, including their personality. Brain injuries also do not heal like other injuries and therefore can take much longer.

Concussion, a sort of gentle horrendous mind damage (MTBI), is commonplace neurological harm that can occur at all levels of athletic support. A concussion is a "complex pathophysiological process" which impacts the cerebrum and is caused by "horrendous biomechanical powers", for instance, a "quick hit to the head, neck, defy or elsewhere on the body", in which the forces are transmitted to the head. Sudden expanding pace or deceleration of the head causes compressive, shear and in addition moldable stress to cerebral tissue, regularly realizing a concise reducing in neurological limit and the change of post-concussive signs, as a less than dependable rule including lost mindfulness. Regardless, it is assessed that under 10% of diversion-related blackout at both the auxiliary school and college level result in lost awareness. While concussion may cause brief neurological changes or impermanent aggravation of cerebral tissues, the intense manifestations of concussions

Nowadays many students are wanting to join contact sports. Concussions are occurring more and more now that sports are increasing in fame and popularity. Many student-athletes nowadays do not even know about concussions and the long term side effects they can bring. Athletes need to be made aware of how dangerous concussions can be and that they shouldn’t be taken so lightly. They also need to know that repeated brain injury can lead to long term effects, like CTE. Concussions in sports is becoming a more talked about issue since professional athletes are sharing their experiences with concussions and their long term struggles. The athletes and coaching staff see these injuries as “just part of the game” and do not take proper action to assess them.