Modern Management

Studies on the subjects of leadership and management have the underlying difference between a leader and a manager as “managers maintain things and leaders change things.” Gill (2006:26) explains their difference as “Managers plan, allocate resources, administer and control whereas leaders innovate, communicate and motivate”

Some theorists use the terms ‘leadership’ and ‘management’ reciprocally as if they are tantamount with one another, while others use them in a very purposeful sense to express that they are, in effect, rather different (Bush, 2003). Organisational successfulness, it is generally accepted, is dependant on both competent leadership and consistent management (Dimmock and Walker, 2005) According to Grace (1995) they do not follow from one or the other, but

Much has been written about the difference between management and leadership. In the past, competent management staffs ran effective companies. In light of our ever-changing world, however, most companies have come to realize that it is much more important to lead than to manage. In today's world the old ways of management no longer work. One reason is that the degree of environmental and competitive change we are experiencing is extreme. Although exciting, the world is also very unstable and confused. In an article entitled What’s the Difference between Your Hospital and the Other? Gary Campbell states that the difference between a manager and a leader is that the manager “finds himself quite willing to

The management process contains four basic functions; planning, organizing, leading and controlling. By using these key tools, one can create an organization as a whole consisting of unified parts acting in harmony to achieve goals, both successfully and proficiently. It is vital for an organization manager to implement these functions to ensure the success of the company. The functions of management are described, according to (Bateman, Snell, 2004) as follows: Planning is specifying the goals to be achieved and deciding in advance the appropriate actions needed to achieve those goals. Planning activities include analyzing current situations, anticipating the future, determining objectives, deciding in what types of activities the company

Up to this time, there are a lot who mix-up between the concepts of leadership and management interchangeably. Furthermore, some may regard and consider the manager as a leader and conversely leader as a manager. This equivocation has along and illustrious history in leadership studies as it’s a concept has accompanied humanity since the ancient time. Beside the concept of management has been nearly created a few decades ago, which encouraged scientists permanent research and thinking of the importance of both these concepts and the connection between them. (Hickman, 1998, p. 97)

There is the age old question of what is the difference between a manager and a leader? Most people will say that you can’t be a manager without being a leader. Leadership and management are an ongoing development.This search for the characteristics or traits of leaders has been ongoing for centuries. Some people believe they go hand in hand and some believe they are two complete different things. This continues development had resulted in many different theories over the centuries. In this paper we will discuss in detail, the most common and recent theories and what each one means as well as well as what is it that leaders and managers do, can leaders and managers be one in the same. I will

The four functions of management can be a vital roadmap in developing a quality structure in which to succeed. Most of us are pursuing a greater interest, whether it be education, a trip or perhaps some other type of leadership role in their lives. The purpose of these interests is usually for self-improvement. These choices will involve some type of planning, organization, leading and of course some type of control (Bateman & Snell, 2013). Our ability to succeed in these tasks can depend on our technical, conceptual and interpersonal skills.

Singe (1997: 32) went further by suggesting we have “to surrender the myth of leaders as isolated heroes commanding their organisations from on high”. In future, leadership “will be distributed among diverse individuals and teams who share responsibility for creating the organisations future”. These findings suggest the isolated roles of manager and leader should cease to exist, and that all organisations need elements of leadership throughout.

The functions of a manager can be considered a circle of actions in which each component leads to the next (Liebler & McConnell, 2008, p. 52). The manager carries out activities in a complex unified manner. Gulick identified the traditional functions of a manager and Urwick based on the earlier work of Henri Fayol; the classic functions of a manager are planning, decision making, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling. Manager must continually establish and maintain internal and external organizational relationships to achieve an effective working rapport. They must monitor the organizations environment to anticipate change and bring about the adaptive responses for the organization survival (Liebler & McConnell, 2008, p. 52).

The functions of a manager can be considered a circle of actions in which each component leads to the next (Liebler & McConnell, 2008, p. 52). The manager carries out activities in a complex unified manner. Gulick identified the traditional functions of a manager and Urwick based on the earlier work of Henri Fayol; the classic functions of a manager are planning, decision making, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling. Manager must continually establish and maintain internal and external organizational relationships to achieve an effective working rapport. They must monitor the organization’s environment to anticipate change and bring about the adaptive responses for the organization’s survival (Liebler & McConnell, 2008, p. 52).

Management is in every type of organization. Although the type of business the company is running determines their manager's type, function and role, all managers execute some of the same fundamental functions to ensure that their business runs efficiently. The idea behind management is assisting employees in the direction of common goals. It is management's work to help assess all of the different purposes and keep them in stability. Managers work at an inexorable speed and handle a broad variety of matters throughout the day. In my opinion, managers play very important functions and roles in today's rapidly changing business organizations. This essay will discuss primarily about the functions and roles of managers, as well as outline

Executing the goals of an organization is the main responsibility of a manager, and their tasks can be broken down into four basic functions; planning, organizing, leading and controlling. While all managers at every level of a company perform these tasks, the amount of time spent on each is dependant upon the level of management and the specifics of the organization. Top level managers, such as company presidents, vice presidents, chief executive officers, and chief operating officers are responsible for the overall management of an organization. It is also necessary for them to “…focus on long-term issues and emphasize the survival, growth, and overall effectiveness of the organization” (Bateman &

Every manager completes the following function in the execution of his or her duties. The four functions are planning organizing, leading and controlling (Carpenter, Bauer, & Erdogan, 2009). The functions of organizing and planning are important for effectively carrying out of the subsequent functions of leading and controlling. In planning the manager creates an action plan that is aimed at achieved of some organizational goals. After, planning, organizing follows which involves the determination of how the organizational resources will be distributed and organized among the employees according to what was planned. Leading involves connecting with employees on an interpersonal level. The main activities include motivating, communicating, inspiring and encouraging employees towards the achievement of high levels of productivity. Lastly, controlling is a function that involves evaluation of the results against the goals that were set during the planning phase.

Firstly, there are four managerial functions as identified in Henri Fayol’s research that underlying the framework of a manager’s jobs which are planning, organizing, leading and controlling. Planning as the first step in managerial functions requires the managers to develop strategies and plans to define and aim at some organization’s goals. (Education Portal, 2014) The managers are also responsible for determining and allocating the limited resources. This is called as organizing function. Next, in the leading function, managers involve in communicating, motivating, encouraging and inspiriting his subordinates towards higher productivity. (Education Portal, 2014) Controlling means how the activities are monitored by managers to ensure the goals are achieved as planned. (Robbins, et.al, 2012).For example, a manager who wants to increase the sales of his company

1: Global Competitiveness- the ability of a firm or a nation to offer products and servicesthat meet the quality standards of the local and worldmarkets at prices that are competitive and provideadequate returns on the resources employed or consumed in producing them.