Motivation Theories

* The need for self actualisation is the pinnacle of human needs according to Maslow. To reach the point where these needs are met, one needs not only to have met the previous four, but needs to have mastered them as

Upon completing the basic needs and feeling safe and protected, the next need is the need for love and belonging. Everyone wants to be loved and feel a sense of belonging to someone; however this feeling can be ignored if previous steps are not yet met. This, in main, involves the want for friends, caring parents, a husband or wife, children, and a life not full of hate but rather love. It includes who we

ABSTRACT Locke and Latham provide a well-developed goal-setting theory of motivation. The theory emphasizes the important relationship between goals and performance. Research supports predictions that the most effective performance seems to result when goals are specific and challenging, when they are used to evaluate performance and linked to feedback on results, and create commitment and acceptance. The motivational impact of goals may be affected by moderators such as ability and self-efficacy. Deadlines improve the effectiveness of goals. A learning goal

The last level of the hierarchy of needs is a bit different. Maslow had used different terms like growth motivation, being needs and self-actualization to refer to this level. It refers to self-fulfillment of individuals to the fullest to achieve growth and achieve one’s potential. And to be truly self-actualizing, all lower needs must be met in order to fully devote yourself to fulfilling your potentials.

Those familiar with Maslow 's hierarchy of needs know that self-actualization - be all you can be - is the highest level human need (the needs in order from lowest to highest are: BASIC: physiological (health, food, sleep, sex, water, etc.), and security (of the body, of employment, of resources, of morality, of property; insurance, etc.). If basic needs are not met, there can be no movement towards self-actualization. Over and above the basic needs are the SOCIAL and PSYCHOLOGICAL needs: belonging (love, affection, friendship, family sexual intimacy, etc.), esteem (self-esteem, esteem from others, personal worth, social recognition, confidence, achievement, etc.) and self-actualization (morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice, acceptance of facts, etc.)

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Humanistic Theory of Self-Actualisation) originally comprised five levels of needs, usually represented as a pyramid, which in itself is a clever concept because like a pyramid each layer needs the preceding layer to be firmly in place before the next layer can be achieved - which is probably the ideology of Maslow’s theory. Maslow differs from Freud’s theory in that he takes a pragmatic approach, emphasising the importance of the positive to promote a positive state of mind in the ‘here and now’, rather than the in-depth psychoanalysis emphasising 'what is wrong with me’ approach of Freud. Maslow accepted that all humans have certain personality traits, such as boring, reserved, silly, aggressive; however, he believed most people have the potential to elevate themselves to a higher level of awareness and

First and most important need of all is the physiological needs. It is the most basic and important needs in the hierarchy. It is also view as the needs to survive. It includes the fundamental biological needs such as food, air and shelter. One must have food to consume, water to drink and a place to stay for survive. They must fulfill all these needs before they think of other things. Without fulfilling these needs, a person will not be able of think straight and pay attention. If these needs are met, then only a person will move on to the second level. After physiological needs is safety needs. Once a person has fulfilled the physiological needs, he or she will then move to the safety needs. Safety needs refer to the need of free from any threats and harm in term of physically, mentally and emotionally. For instance, job security. After fulfilling the physiological needs where they can survive on their own, they will then think of securing their job and support themselves. Social needs follow by safety needs. It also known as love needs. Social needs refer to the need to be affiliated and loved. The need of being accepted and needed by others. This level can be met through relationship with family, friends, peers and people who that person interact with. Successful relationship will then help the individual to meet those needs and proceed to the next level which is the esteem needs (Loh et al.,

Instead of the five needs that are hierarchically organized; Alderfer proposed that basic human needs may be grouped under three categories such as Existence, Relatedness, and Growth. The theory's name is based on the first letter of each need. Existence refers to our concern with basic materials such as hunger, thirst and safe condition. Relatedness on the other hand, refers to the motivation we have for maintaining interpersonal relationships like involvement with family, friends, co-workers and employers. Finally, growth is the intrinsic desire for personal development for example, the desire to be creative, productive and to complete meaningful tasks. The implication of this theory is that we need to recognize the multiple needs that may be driving individuals at a given point to understand their

Belongingness need. These needs are also important. If a person goes to work he/she should get the feeling of being belonged by others. An organization should make an employee feel that they are wanted by the organization.

These five needs are grouped into two categories; high-order needs (social esteem, self actualization) and low-order needs (psychological and safety). Once the lower level needs are satisfied, one can progress on to satisfying the higher level needs, the highest one being self-actualization. The uppermost level is known as growth or being needs while the other

Many factors can motivate employees while at work. Some of the motivating factors could include the structure of the lives of the employees before they became employed. Personality is a big factor in

(Tzortzakis, Tzortzaki, 2007). The Maslow argues that even if it met all the previous requirements, the individual is likely to be unsatisfied or uncomfortable unless achieve the objectives they set, if it succeeds to meet its ideals. Self-Realization is the desire to be someone that a competent person can become. Individuals satisfy this need in different ways. In Maslow so the self-esteem and actualization needs met hardest. These needed to meet the highest standard of living. ( Koufidou 2010 )

These five are physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization—that exists in a hierarchical order and can be compared to climbing a ladder. Once a lower level need has been fulfilled, the person seeks to fulfill the next higher level. This progression leads to self actualization as being the highest level (Daft and Marcic 447-49).

Quality of Life. Every person is capable to fulfill his/her own needs. Maslow’s (1943, 1954) hierarchy of needs model includes:

Following that is love and belongingness needs meaning the desire for friendships, intimacy, affection, and love. Then, esteem needs come into play which causes longingness for achievement, independence, dominance, self-respect, and respect from others. At the very top of the pyramid is self-actualization which is also known as self-empowerment. It’s the need for realization of personal potential, self-fulfillment, and seeking personal growth.